Tag: vaccines

Flu Season Back Again: How Kids Can Stay Healthy and Prepared

The signs might already be there. More people coughing, sneezing, and sick days are starting to be used. These are clear signs that flu season is upon us once again. While the thought of fall normally brings thoughts of cozy sweaters and pumpkin patches, it also brings reminders of how sick you can get as the flu virus becomes more active. For kids, especially those in schools, daycares, and extracurricular activities, it’s important to take precautions to stay healthy during this time.

What Parents Should Know About the Flu

It’s something we hear about every year. But what is the Flu?

The flu, or influenza, is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system. Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for seasonal flu outbreaks. It mostly spreads through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, and can also be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face. Symptoms often appear suddenly, including fever, cough, body aches, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting or diarrhea in children. Compared to the common cold, the flu is more severe and can lead to complications like pneumonia, bronchitis, or worsening of chronic conditions.

Why is This Flu Season Important?

Flu season typically peaks in the fall and winter months, when people are indoors more often, making it easier for the virus to spread. This year is particularly important in getting your flu shot as Tennessee saw a rise in COVID-19 cases throughout the summer. Schools, where children interact closely, can become hot spots for the virus to pass from one person to another. This is why it’s crucial for kids to get vaccinated, as it can help prevent severe illness and hospitalizations. Even if individuals think they are healthy, the risk of serious illness is still high.

How Can Kids Prepare?

As a parent, you can take several steps to ensure your child is ready for what could be a rollercoaster of flu season.

1. Get the Flu Shot

Obviously, the most important thing is getting that vaccine. The flu vaccine is the most effective way to protect against the flu. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone 6 months and older get vaccinated each year. For kids, the flu shot not only protects them but also helps reduce the spread of the virus to classmates, family members, and others.

The flu shot is widely available, and scheduling an appointment is easy. It’s important to get this early on, as it takes about two weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination.

2. Practice Good Hygiene

Kids get into all kinds of things, so it’s important to start teaching them healthy hygiene habits when they are young. Remind your child to:

● Wash their hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before meals and after playing outside.

● Use hand sanitizer when soap and water aren’t available.

● Cover their mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing.

● Avoid touching their face, especially their eyes, nose, and mouth, where the virus can easily enter the body.

3. Eat Nutritious Foods

The old proverb, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away,” can ring true. A healthy diet helps strengthen the immune system, making it easier to fight off infections. Getting kids to eat their greens is hard, but encouraging them to eat various fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals will pay off. Foods high in vitamin C (such as oranges, strawberries, and bell peppers) and zinc (found in meat, beans, and nuts) are particularly beneficial for immune health.

4. Get Plenty of Sleep

Sleep is essential for a strong immune system, especially for growing kids. School-age children typically need 9 to 12 hours of sleep each night to stay healthy and focused. Establishing a consistent bedtime routine will ensure your child is well-rested.

5. Stay Active

Regular physical activity boosts overall health and helps keep the immune system in good shape. Getting your child involved in outdoor activities like biking, playing sports, or running around the yard can benefit tremendously. Even a daily walk can make a difference in their health.

6. Stay Home When Sick

It’s last on this list, but it is another important one. If your child has flu-like symptoms, keeping them home from school or activities is important to avoid spreading the virus. While this may mean missing out on a day or two of class, it’s better than having your child spread that sickness to others at school.

Statistics About the Flu in The United States

According to the CDC, the flu impacts millions of people annually in the United States. Between 2010 and 2020, the annual flu seasons resulted in 9 to 41 million illnesses, 140,000 to 710,000 hospitalizations, and 12,000 to 52,000 deaths.

These numbers highlight the importance of getting the flu vaccine. During 2019–2020, the flu vaccination prevented an estimated 7 million illnesses, 3 million flu-associated medical visits, 100,000 flu-associated hospitalizations, and 7,000 influenza-associated deaths. Despite this, vaccination rates remain below the levels desired.

If you are hesitant about the flu vaccine or have general questions, it’s important to schedule a call with your healthcare provider to ensure you are receiving the most up-to-date information. Making your health a priority this fall will help ensure you and your kids can enjoy all there is to do before the winter months arrive and moist outdoor activities are put on pause.

Sources

CDC: About Estimated Flu Burden

CDC: Influenza (Flu)

CDC: Flu Vaccines Work

Urgent Call for Vaccinations After Tennessee Reports First Measles Case Since 2019

With the school year starting and the fall season in full swing, it’s prime time for illnesses to spread through communities. Just recently, Tennessee reported its first measles case in over four years, involving an individual who had traveled internationally and spent time in Kentucky while infectious. Although the infected individual has fully recovered and no additional cases have been reported in the state, this serves as a reminder of how quickly and dangerously these diseases can spread.

According to the latest update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. has recorded 262 measles cases this year, with 13 outbreaks reported. Of these cases, 70% are associated with ongoing outbreaks, which can have a deadly impact if you’re not vaccinated.

Measles by the Numbers

So far in 2024, cases have been reported in 32 jurisdictions nationwide. What’s concerning is that around 40% of reported cases are in children aged five and under, the age group most vulnerable to severe complications from the disease. The CDC also reports that 88% of all measles cases involve individuals who are either unvaccinated or whose vaccination status is unclear. Only 4% of patients who contracted measles had been fully vaccinated with the two recommended doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

Hospitalizations among those infected were of the highest concern from the CDC. It reports that more than 42% of patients required hospitalization, either for isolation or for managing complications related to measles, such as pneumonia or encephalitis.

The Importance of Vaccination

It’s not a comeback you want to see, and one that the World Health Organization warns we could experience more often. Between 2021 and 2022, measles cases were estimated to increase by 18%. Also, between 2021 and 2022, the number of countries experiencing measles outbreaks increased from 22 to 37, and deaths from measles increased by 43%. However, between 2021 and 2022, an estimated 57 million measles deaths were estimated to have been prevented by measles vaccination.

These numbers are proof that vaccines work to fight against this disease. While the measles vaccine is highly effective, it does require two doses to provide full protection. Individuals who are unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, or whose immunity has waned are at a much higher risk of contracting and spreading the virus.

Parents should ensure their children receive the MMR vaccine on schedule, and those traveling internationally should verify that their vaccinations are current. As international travel increases with the upcoming holidays, maintaining high vaccination rates will be crucial in preventing the spread of measles worldwide.

What Happens If You’re Not Vaccinated

If you contract the virus, the outcome can be extremely dangerous. Measles is a highly contagious disease that presents symptoms 7 to 14 days after infection, including high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. A rash typically appears 3 to 5 days later, spreading from the face to the rest of the body, often accompanied by a high fever. Complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals, can include ear infections, pneumonia, encephalitis, and in some cases, death. Severe complications can lead to hospitalization, and long-term risks include subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal condition.

A National Health Priority

With a recent increase in measles cases across the U.S., public health authorities are monitoring cases closely, particularly in areas with low vaccination rates. The CDC and state health departments are working to contain outbreaks and prevent further spread, but the risk remains in communities where vaccination coverage is low. Tennessee’s recent case highlights the interconnected nature of public health — what happens abroad can quickly impact local communities.

If you have questions about measles or want to learn more about vaccines, it’s best to contact your health provider. They can provide you with the information you need to help ensure you and your family are protected.

Sources:

Tennessee Department of Health

CDC: Measles Cases and Outbreaks

CDC: Measles Symptoms and Complications

The National Library of Medicine: A Review of the Resurgence of Measles, a Vaccine-Preventable Disease, as Current Concerns Contrast with Past Hopes for Measles Elimination

Debunking Common Vaccination Myths: Don’t Let Misconceptions Turn into Regret

Fact: Vaccinations have been a cornerstone of public health for decades, saving between four to five million lives worldwide each year by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Despite this, several myths and misconceptions lead some to delay or avoid vaccinations. Misinformation can have serious consequences, both for individuals and the wider community. We compiled the top five most common myths to help start the conversation and address concerns people may have about vaccines.

1. Myth: Vaccines Can Cause the Illness They’re Meant to Prevent

Fact: Vaccines contain weakened or inactivated parts of the germ, not the active virus, so they cannot cause the illness. Individuals might experience mild side effects, which are usually temporary and last from a few hours to a few days as the body builds immunity. These common reactions include redness, swelling, soreness, chills, fatigue, joint pain, headache, mild fever, and muscle aches, with children often being fussier than usual. Stress-related reactions like fainting, lightheadedness, and rapid breathing can also occur, particularly in those with a high fear of needles. The risk of experiencing severe illness from a vaccine-preventable disease is far higher than any rare vaccine side effect.

2. Myth: Vaccines Aren’t Necessary Anymore

Fact: This has been something of a growing concern lately, as some believe that vaccines are no longer necessary because many diseases have become rare, like polio or measles. In 2020, the global coverage of childhood vaccines dropped due to COVID-19, resulting in 23 million children missing out on routine immunizations — the highest number since 2009. This is concerning because infectious diseases can easily resurface, leading to outbreaks. The U.S. has recently experienced this, with clusters of measle cases popping up in several states, including one case reported in Tennessee, its first case in five years. If anything, getting vaccinated is more necessary than ever, so communities can build herd immunity and prevent these dangerous diseases from spreading.

3. Myth: Vaccines Are Full of Harmful Ingredients

Fact: Some worry that vaccines contain dangerous chemicals, such as mercury or formaldehyde. However, the amounts used in vaccines are minuscule and have been proven safe through extensive research. For instance, the mercury compound found in some vaccines (thimerosal) is harmless in the small quantities used, and it has even been removed from most vaccines as a precautionary measure. Every ingredient in a vaccine serves a specific purpose. Vaccines are designed to provide immunity by helping the body create antibodies against diseases. Certain ingredients ensure the vaccine remains safe and effective over time by preventing contamination and degradation. For instance, stabilizers like sugars and gelatin help maintain vaccine efficacy, while adjuvants such as aluminum salts enhance the body’s immune response. Regulatory agencies globally continue to monitor vaccine safety to ensure their ingredients are non-toxic.

4. Myth: Natural Immunity Is Better Than Vaccine-Induced Immunity

Fact: While natural immunity can develop after contracting a disease, it comes with significant risks. Diseases like measles, chickenpox, and whooping cough can lead to severe complications, including hospitalization and even death. Vaccination allows individuals to gain immunity without illness, providing a safer and more controlled way to protect against disease. When comparing natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity, vaccines provide a higher, more robust, and more consistent level of immunity. A 2021 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that COVID-19 vaccines provided better protection than previous infections alone. The study showed that vaccinated patients were less likely to test positive for the virus among those hospitalized with COVID-like symptoms compared to those who had recovered from a prior infection months earlier.

5. Myth: Vaccines Cause Autism

Fact: This myth is the one that has gained the most traction due to it being part of a now debunked study in the late 1990s. This report falsely claimed a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. A big part of the reason this myth became popular is that children typically show the first signs of autism around the same age (12–18 months) that they receive vaccines like the MMR vaccine. This timing led some to mistakenly associate vaccines with autism onset. Since the release of the report, numerous large-scale studies have found no evidence of a connection between vaccines and autism. Trustworthy health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) CDC, confirm that vaccines do not cause autism.

The Bottom Line: Vaccines Save Lives

Vaccines are among the most thoroughly researched and monitored medical interventions, and the benefits far outweigh the minimal risks. Extensive clinical trials, continuous surveillance, and rigorous safety protocols have ensured that vaccines are safe and effective. The risks of not being vaccinated are significantly higher. Unvaccinated individuals are more susceptible to contracting preventable diseases, many of which can lead to severe complications, long-term health issues, or even death. Don’t let that turn into regret when protection is within reach. Don’t wait until it’s too late — get vaccinated and protect yourself and your future self will thank you for making that decision.

Sources:

WHO: Vaccines and Immunization

WHO: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19

WHO: COVID-19 pandemic leads to major backsliding on childhood vaccinations, new WHO, UNICEF data shows

WHO: Vaccines and immunization: Myths and misconceptions

WHO: Vaccines and immunization: Vaccine safety

National Library of Medicine: Exploring the Reasons Behind Parental Refusal of Vaccines

National Library of Medicine: Vaccination as a cause of autism — myths and controversies

CDC: Vaccine Basics

CDC: Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity — Nine States, January–September 2021

The Vital Vaccination Conversation You Don’t Want to Miss

There is nothing worse than seeing your child fall ill and having that feeling of helplessness as you try to get them to recover. It’s even more frustrating when things worsen, despite your best efforts to improve them, leading to a trip to the emergency room for help. The thought of a child suffering from an illness, especially a preventable disease that could have been avoided, is every parent’s worst nightmare.

This is where vaccinations come in. Vaccines are more than just a medical precaution; they are the best way to prevent these situations. Vaccinations provide that invisible barrier that not only helps children but everyone who is around them. However, in 2023, vaccine-preventable diseases continued to affect many people in the United States. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, gaps in vaccine coverage still happen, leading to diseases like measles, mumps, and whooping cough, experiencing periodic outbreaks. It’s estimated that vaccination efforts between 1994 and 2013 prevented about 322 million cases of vaccine-preventable diseases in the U.S. Still, preventable outbreaks remain an issue due to low vaccination rates in some areas.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National vaccination coverage for kindergarteners in the 2022–2023 school year was around 93% for measles. Still, some areas fell below 90%, below the herd immunity threshold.

What’s Behind Vaccine Hesitancy?

Despite decades of proven effectiveness, vaccine hesitancy is increasing. Misinformation, spread through different social media channels, has helped to fuel doubts about vaccine safety. Many worry about side effects or believe that natural immunity is preferable to vaccination. However, most concerns come from myths that have been debunked by science.

Vaccines undergo several tests before being approved for public use and are continuously monitored for safety. While side effects can occur, they are generally mild and temporary, such as soreness at the injection site or a low-grade fever. Serious side effects are incredibly rare.

Impacts of Not Getting Vaccinated

Delaying or avoiding being vaccinated can have several consequences. When children get sick and preventable diseases make a comeback due to low vaccination rates, healthcare systems experience significant pressure. Managing outbreaks of diseases like measles and mumps demands a lot of resources and diverts attention from other healthcare priorities. The risk of spreading these diseases also results in economic costs, including increased healthcare expenses, lost productivity, and disruptions to education and the workforce. The financial burden of treating these preventable diseases often far exceeds the costs associated with vaccination programs.

This can leave parents and guardians feeling frustration who are already feeling overwhelmed. This frustration is compounded by the realization that the resurgence of these diseases is largely preventable, adding to their sense of helplessness and concern for their children’s well-being.

Incomplete vaccination can also lead to lifelong disabilities, such as blindness from measles or paralysis from polio, which may result in permanent disability or death. Not being fully immunized as a child increases the risk of contracting other diseases and reduces life expectancy, while complete vaccination, especially in toddlers, contributes to increased life expectancy.

Talk to Your Healthcare Provider Today

Your family’s health is too important to leave on the table. Reach out to your healthcare provider today to discuss what vaccines might be needed to keep everyone safe and healthy, whether it’s flu season, back-to-school time, or simply part of routine wellness. Talking with a healthcare provider can address questions or concerns about vaccines and dispel any myths or misinformation you may have come across. They can guide you in making the best decisions for your family’s health by providing facts and evidence.

Visit a Health Hero Vaccination Clinic, where family-friendly services make it easy for everyone to get vaccinated in one convenient place.

Sources:

CDC: Immunization

CDC: Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption from School Vaccine Requirements Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2022–23 School Year

National Library of Medicine: The Cost of Ignoring Vaccines

The Importance of HPV Vaccination for Preteens

There is a lot going on in your child’s life, especially if they are in adolescence. This is a unique stage of their life, during which kids experience rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth. They face new challenges and opportunities, form their identity, and seek greater independence. Protecting their health as they prepare for the future is also crucial. One essential step in safeguarding their well-being is ensuring they receive the HPV vaccine.

The HPV vaccine is most effective during adolescence, before exposure to the virus. It helps prevent certain types of cancers and other serious health issues that could impact them later in life. By ensuring your child is vaccinated, you are helping protect them during this pivotal time of development, so they can continue to grow and thrive without the burden of preventable diseases.

Why HPV Vaccination Matters

HPV is a very common virus that is responsible for about 36,000 cases of cancer in both men and women each year in the United States alone. The good news is that the HPV vaccine can protect your child from these potential health risks long before they are ever exposed to the virus.

When Should Your Child Get the HPV Vaccine?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children receive two doses of the HPV vaccine at ages 11 to 12. The vaccination can be administered as early as 9.

Vaccination Schedule:

● First Dose: Between 11 and 12 years old (can start as early as age 9)

● Second Dose: 6 to 12 months after the first dose

A third dose will be required if your child receives two doses less than five months apart. Three doses are necessary for those starting the series between the ages of 15 and 26 to ensure full protection.

Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?

As mentioned above, the HPV vaccination is recommended for all preteens, starting at age 11 or 12, to ensure they are protected from HPV infections that can cause cancer later in life. Teens and young adults up to age 26 who have not started or completed the vaccine series should also receive the HPV vaccine.

Safety and Efficacy of the HPV Vaccine

The HPV vaccine has a proven track record of being safe and effective. Since its development in 2006, infections with the HPV types that cause most cancers and genital warts have dropped significantly — by 88% among teen girls and 81% among young adult women.

The percentage of cervical pre-cancers caused by these HPV types has also decreased by 40% among vaccinated women. The protection provided by the HPV vaccine remains high, with no evidence of waning over time.

The HPV vaccine is important for protecting your child, especially as they gain independence. By vaccinating early, you can ensure your child is protected long before exposure to the virus.

Sources:

CDC: HPV Vaccination Recommendations

CDC: Impact of the HPV Vaccine

National Cancer Institute: HPV and Cancer

Categories
Dr. Casey

August: National Immunization Awareness Month

Did you know that August has the distinction of “National Immunization Awareness Month” (NIAM) each year? You can think of it like October when you see a lot of pink everywhere as people work to raise awareness and education about breast cancer. Obviously, there are a lot of key issues out there that people should be more aware of and understand the importance of. Off the top of my head, I can think of dozens of cancers, chronic diseases (like heart disease and osteoporosis), dangers of tobacco, mental health, black history, women’s history, animal rights, and gun violence — all having dedicated awareness months. And a quick Google search turned up all kinds of things.

Did you know there is a Blood Clot Awareness Month (March)? As it happens, July is National Vehicle Theft Awareness Month, and on the island of Hawai’i, January is Volcano Awareness Month! I think it is fair to say that some of these awareness months are better known than others. But when you start searching for “August awareness month,” the topic that seems to dominate is immunization awareness, showing how important this issue is all across the U.S.

What is National Immunization Awareness Month?

National Immunization Awareness Month (NIAM) is observed every year in August in the U.S. The purpose of NIAM is to promote how important vaccination (immunization) is for people of all ages. The American Public Health Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasize that NIAM is an ideal opportunity to encourage others to talk to a healthcare provider about vaccinations and ensure they are up to date on the necessary vaccines.

What is new about NIAM in 2024?

NIAM might be at its most important in 2024, as public health and healthcare professionals work harder than ever to get accurate information out to the public and stop the flood of misinformation and disinformation that seems to be increasing daily. Doubt about vaccines continues to increase with these inaccuracies, and we have seen childhood vaccination rates decline in the U.S. As many children start back to school this month, we must do whatever we can to stop preventable diseases before they start and keep our children and communities safe and healthy. For NIAM 2024, we are working to stop the decline in childhood vaccinations and to get these rates back up.

Not Just for Kids

The mis- and disinformation about vaccines is not just directed towards childhood vaccines, unfortunately. Some people who promote inaccuracies about vaccines and are very passionate about it target vaccines that save lives among adults and elderly individuals by protecting them from infectious diseases. Vaccine hesitancy refers to a person delaying the acceptance or refusing to receive a safe vaccine even though it is available. In recent years, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen vaccine hesitancy skyrocket in groups of all types of people, frequently resulting in lower vaccination rates. Lower vaccination rates have led to higher rates of preventable, infectious diseases like flu, COVID, and even measles outbreaks. Higher rates of illness have meant more people missing school and work because they are sick, spending more money on health care services, less time spent engaging in socializing and entertainment activities, and in extreme cases, worse mental health outcomes and negative economic impacts. It is definitely a ripple effect. The importance of vaccination should be promoted for individuals of all ages as we work to dispel myths and inaccuracies about vaccinations and to reduce vaccine hesitancy.

Other Questions?

Vaccination has become a very polarizing and even political topic in the U.S., which is both unfortunate and…well, dangerous. Individuals must remember that viruses, diseases, death, etc., do not acknowledge party lines, social status or wealth. Vaccination is important for everyone to protect themselves and their loved ones and contribute to their communities’ safety and health. There is a lot of information out there about vaccines, and some of it is trustworthy; some of it is not. If I were bitten by a snake I could not identify, I probably would not just trust what I found on a Google search about whether it was venomous…even if I found a result that supported my “hunch.” If you are unsure, then do not take a chance with your (and others’) health. Talk to a healthcare provider or message an expert. Ask questions.

As always, message me anytime with questions or thoughts. Take initiative in your health and if you are unsure, then find the answers you seek. If I do not know them, I will find them for you. I am a resource in whatever way I can be, and it is a privilege to be one.

Be Well; Be Kind,

Dr. Casey

Want to Learn More?

The CDC has more information on NIAM as well as resources you can use to promote vaccines for all different age groups here: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/events/niam/index.html

At the link above, you can also find short quizzes to help you determine which vaccines you need!

If you are looking for more information about vaccines and immunizations in general, this website from the CDC has a lot of helpful resources, including vaccine schedules, so you and your family can be sure you stay up to date on what vaccines you need as you get older. It also has links to vaccine recommendations for children and recommendations for adults: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

Here is a great page that breaks down the basics of vaccines, including ingredients found in some vaccines, ones found in specific vaccines, and information for you and your family: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/index.html

To read more about the decrease in childhood vaccinations in the U.S., check out this article: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7245a2.htm

Tips for Keeping Your Kids Healthy and Stopping the Spread of Infectious Diseases

As the back-to-school season begins, kids won’t just be bringing home new school supplies and homework — they’ll also be bringing home germs. Schools are inherently known for spreading illnesses, such as colds, flu, strep throat, norovirus, and even COVID-19, as everyone is in close quarters with each other.

A report from the Centres of Disease Control and Prevention showed that in 2022, around 3 million U.S. children, or 5.8% of those aged 5–17, were chronically absent from school due to health-related issues. These numbers are concerning because of its potential long-term impact on academic performance, school engagement, and the risk of school dropout. To reduce these risks, there are a few things parents and children can do to make sure they don’t miss out.

The Rise in COVID-19 and How to Avoid it

During this summer, the United States has seen a rise in COVID-19 cases, with infections expected to continue increasing as kids start to crowd their school hallways. The current dominant strains, KP.3 and KP.3.1.1, are known to be more contagious and better at evading vaccine-induced immunity than previous variants. If you feel sick or suspect you might have COVID-19, it’s important to stay home. However, being vaccinated can help you return to normal activities more quickly once your symptoms improve and you’ve been fever-free for 24 hours without using medication.

Getting vaccinated and staying home when you’re sick is easier said than done, but it’s important for trying to mitigate the risk of this tricky virus. COVID-19 can spread without people even realizing it. A two-year study of over 160,000 households found that more than 70% of viral transmissions, including COVID-19, started with a child.It was also found that these pediatric transmissions dropped by 60% to 80% during school breaks, highlighting the significant role school attendance plays in the spread of the virus.

Vaccinations: A Key Line of Defense

As mentioned above, vaccinations are important to reducing the chance of getting and spreading diseases in school. Vaccines are able to reduce the transmission of illnesses like the flu and COVID-19 by 40% to 50%, and other childhood diseases like pneumococcal infections, chickenpox, and polio by even higher percentages.

There have been some growing concerns and doubts among some parents about the safety or efficacy of vaccines. If you’re on the fence about getting vaccinated, it’s important to seek out reliable information from trusted sources such as healthcare professionals and reputable health organizations. Discuss your concerns with your doctor, who can provide evidence-based answers and address any specific worries you might have. Educate yourself about the benefits of vaccination for your children’s health and those around you. Making an informed decision can help protect yourself and others from preventable diseases.

Good Hygiene Practices to Reduce the Spread of Illness

Vaccines are the number one way to help prevent the spread of illness, but there are other strategies to consider. The CDC issued guidelines earlier this year for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in schools, focusing on respiratory etiquette, hand-washing, and vaccination.

Coughing and Sneezing Etiquette: Proper coughing and sneezing hygiene is essential in reducing the transmission of respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and the flu. Try to encourage your children to cover their mouths and noses with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and to wash their hands immediately afterward. If a tissue isn’t close by, coughing or sneezing into the elbow is the next best option.

Hand-Washing: With classrooms full of high-touch surfaces, such as door handles, shared supplies, and sports equipment, proper hand-washing is very important for hygiene. It can prevent about 30% of diarrhea-related illnesses and 20% of respiratory infections.

When to Keep Kids Home from School

Even if you can push through, taking a day to recover can be the best choice. One of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of illness in schools is to keep your children home when they’re sick. Not only do sick children risk infecting their classmates, but they can also spread illness to teachers and staff, which can cause even further disruptions to your child’s education.

These tips cannot be implemented overnight. It takes practice to reinforce healthy habits that can reduce illness. Other things, such as getting enough sleep, eating nutritious meals, and regular physical activity, can help strengthen your child’s immune system. These practices benefit the whole family and can make a big difference in keeping everyone healthy throughout the school year.

Sources:

Jama Network: Smart Thermometer–Based Participatory Surveillance to Discern the Role of Children in Household Viral Transmission During the COVID-19 Pandemic

CDC: Chronic School Absenteeism for Health-related Reasons Among Children Ages 5‒17 Years: United States, 2022

CDC: Vaccines

CDC: Clean Hands

The Parents Guide to Preparing Your Child for School

With the beginning of school only weeks away, it’s time to pack those bags and gather all the essentials to start the school year off right. While you’re busy gathering everything your child needs, don’t overlook one crucial aspect: ensuring their health is up-to-date. This means scheduling a check-up to confirm they’ve received all the required vaccinations, regardless of the educational level they are entering.

You must provide proof of their vaccination records to enroll your child in school. Most vaccinations your child needs are administered before they turn two; however, additional doses, such as boosters, are necessary as they age. If your child is entering kindergarten, they must get the tetanus and whooping cough booster, polio booster, measles-mumps-rubella booster, and chickenpox booster vaccines. But how do you know when to get that extra boost?

Keeping Vaccine Records Up-to-Date

It is important to keep your child’s vaccine records updated for your peace of mind and to protect them. Each child is given a vaccine card at birth, which should be brought to every well-child visit. This card holds your vaccination history from infant to adult. This allows healthcare providers to review and ensure the records are current. Mismatches between school records and those at the doctor’s office can cause issues, so ensure the information aligns. You can always request a copy of your child’s vaccine records from your doctor to provide to the school if needed.

What Vaccines Does My Child Need?

To ensure your child has their vaccinations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides a detailed immunization schedule for children, updated annually.

The schedule is divided into age-specific recommendations for vaccines, including:

Birth to 6 Years

● Birth: Hepatitis B (HepB)

● 1–2 Months: HepB, DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), IPV (Inactivated Poliovirus), PCV13 (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), RV (Rotavirus)

● 4–6 Months: DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, RV

● 6–18 Months: HepB, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, RV

● 12–15 Months: Hib, PCV13, MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), VAR (Varicella), HepA (Hepatitis A)

● 15–18 Months: DTaP

● 18–24 Months: HepA

● 4–6 Years: DTaP, IPV, MMR, VAR

7–18 Years

● 11–12 Years: Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis), MCV4 (Meningococcal conjugate), HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

● 16 Years: MCV4 (booster)

You can check the CDC’s official website or consult a healthcare provider for the most current and detailed schedule

.

What to Do If Vaccine Records Are Missing or You’re New to the Country?

Misplacing or losing vaccination records can happen, and if you can’t find your personal or doctor’s records, your child may need to receive some vaccines again. While not ideal, it’s safe to repeat vaccines. Sometimes, a doctor can perform blood tests to check for immunity to certain diseases. If you don’t have a written record of your child’s vaccines, your doctor can assist by retrieving records from previous healthcare providers.

For new families that have moved to the U.S., the vaccinations they received from their previous home are usually accepted as long as they meet the U.S. schedule. Countries like Mexico, Canada, and many in Central and South America follow similar vaccination guidelines, so the records from those countries are generally accepted. However, ensure you have full documentation of the dates the vaccines were given.

Vaccination Exemptions

Some exemptions from state or local vaccination requirements may apply to certain children. All states and the District of Columbia allow medical exemptions for children with conditions that prevent them from receiving vaccines. Most states also offer nonmedical exemptions for religious or philosophical reasons, except for three states.

To obtain an exemption, you must provide the appropriate form to the school, which will be kept in your child’s permanent record. If you choose not to vaccinate your child, pediatricians will continue to discuss the benefits and risks at each visit, especially if your child’s health changes.

Medical exemptions from vaccinations are generally uncommon but may be necessary in certain situations. For example, a medical exemption might be required if a child experiences a severe, life-threatening reaction to a vaccine or is undergoing medical treatments like chemotherapy. Your doctor can provide the appropriate documentation to obtain the exemption in these cases.

Starting the School Year Right

While a new backpack and pencils are important for the school year, preparing for school registration and ensuring your child’s vaccinations are up-to-date is equally essential. Consult your doctor if you’re unsure about your child’s vaccination status. They can guide on what vaccinations are needed and address any concerns about exemptions. Your child’s health should be a top priority for their well-being and the safety of those around them. Before sending them off to school, ensure they are healthy so they can enjoy a new year of wonder and learning.

Sources

CDC: Staying Up to Date with Your Vaccine Records

CDC: What is an Exemption and What Does it Mean?

CDC: Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger; 2024 U.S.

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Dr. Casey

Global Public Health Emergency: What to Know about mpox

On Wednesday, August 14, 2024, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (also known as the WHO) declared mpox a global public health emergency. This declaration was due to a rapid increase in cases of mpox in several countries in Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The hike in mpox cases has been closely watched by international health experts who are concerned that the virus could spread to even more African countries and potentially outside of the African continent. By identifying the very real threat of this outbreak, health professionals and governments from around the globe will be able to work together towards stopping the spread of mpox and end the current outbreaks.

What is mpox?

You may have heard of this virus before but perhaps under its former name (monkeypox). It was called that because the Monkeypox virus causes the illness. Now, though, this disease is known as mpox. The monkeypox virus that causes mpox is related to the same group of viruses that causes smallpox (but it is not related to chickenpox). The virus that causes mpox has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals, mostly living in Central and West Africa. Mpox is consistently present in these areas, so it is considered “endemic” in those places. For comparison, many diseases are considered endemic in the U.S., such influenza (flu), chronic hepatitis, and HIV.

What is the disease like?

The most common symptoms of mpox are a skin rash or lesions (often looking like sores) which can be anywhere on the body. Rashes and lesions typically last around 2–4 weeks. This type of rash usually starts as a flat sore which may itch or become painful as it next blisters and fills with liquid. Finally, scabs will develop and fall off of these areas as the rashes and lesions heal. Other frequent symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, muscle aches, and back pain. But the exact symptoms and severity will differ from person to person. Although rare, it is also possible to be infected with mpox without developing any symptoms. Symptoms of mpox usually start within a week of exposure, but can start anywhere from 1–21 days after being exposed. While symptoms should clear up between 2–4 weeks, it can take longer for people with weak immune systems, children, and those who are pregnant.

It is very important to be aware that there is potential for serious complications due to mpox symptoms. Some of these include bacterial infections of open lesions, sepsis (an infection of the blood), pneumonia, severe dehydration and/or malnutrition caused by vomiting and diarrhea, inflammation of many organs, and even death.

How is mpox spread?

Mpox is spread through direct contact with infected people, animals, contaminated materials, and infected pregnant individuals can pass the virus to their unborn baby. Among humans, mpox can be spread face-to-face (talking/breathing), skin-to-skin, mouth-to-mouth, and through close contact (through respiratory droplets); it can also spread through touch, kissing, or sexual interaction. People with mpox are infectious and can pass the disease on to others until all sores have healed and a new layer of skin has formed.

How is mpox treated?

Mpox treatment is focused on managing the symptoms, healing rashes and sores, managing pain, and preventing complications. Some antiviral drugs that were originally developed to treat smallpox have been used to treat mpox, and more studies are in progress to determine how effective these may be.

How can mpox be prevented?

There is an approved mpox vaccine that can assist in preventing infection. The vaccine should be given within 4 days of coming in contact with someone with mpox. For high-risk people, such as health workers who may be exposed and individuals with specific risk factors, mpox vaccination is highly recommended, particularly during an outbreak. Anyone with known or suspected mpox should be quarantined and cared for away from others who may contract the virus.

Other Questions?

While this may seem far removed from the safety of the United States, diseases like mpox should never be underestimated. Learning and understanding these kinds of health issues is critical because no one can guarantee that a highly contagious virus like this will not slip through the cracks and accidentally show up on our doorstep. With international travel being as convenient and accessible as it is today, we have a responsibility to know what is happening in the rest of the world, and to do what we can to keep ourselves and others safe and healthy. We are very fortunate to have global leadership that is taking a proactive approach to the current outbreak and working with people from all over the world to contain this virus as much as possible. Still, though, we must take whatever steps we can — even if that is just making sure we are educated — to be prepared, and engage in safe, preventive health practices.

Feel free to message my Facebook page with questions and thoughts. I love hearing from you and have been amazed at the incredible, thoughtful questions I have received! It is refreshing (and reassuring) to see so many people truly interested and invested in their health and the health of their loved ones and communities. I am always here as a resource that you can access and, most importantly, trust.

Be Well; Be Kind,

Dr. Casey

Want to Learn More?

If you want to read more about the WHO’s recent decision to declare mpox a global public health emergency, here is a press release that gives an overview of the issue and the decision: https://www.who.int/news/item/14-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern

If you are interested in learning more about mpox, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has an overview and more information here: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/about/index.html

The WHO has even more details about mpox, including its signs, symptoms, and important advice for prevention available here: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox

Infants Tummy Troubles Could Be Rotavirus

It’s a common infection that might look like a routine childhood sickness. Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects infants and young children, causing severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. This virus was first discovered in 1973 in children suffering from gastroenteritis samples. Before a vaccine was created, rotavirus was the highest cause of severe diarrhea in babies and young children in the United States.

Transmission

The virus sheds in an infected person’s stool and is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated hands or objects, such as toys, surfaces, or utensils. It can also spread by consuming contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person. This is easy to spread to children as they can forget to wash their hands.

Symptoms of Rotavirus

The symptoms of rotavirus infection typically begin within two days of exposure to the virus and can last for 3–8 days. Common symptoms include:

● Severe watery diarrhea

● Vomiting

● Fever

● Abdominal pain

● Dehydration (which can be severe and life-threatening, especially in young children)

Most children recover from rotavirus without long-term health effects, with symptoms typically lasting about a week. However, if dehydration occurs, it can lead to serious complications, so it’s important to contact your healthcare provider immediately if your child shows symptoms.

Prevention of Rotavirus

A series of vaccines weren’t officially developed until the early 2000s. These vaccines are given orally and recommended for infants at two months of age. The vaccination schedule typically includes two to three doses, depending on the vaccine used.

The rotavirus vaccine is determined to be highly effective. During the first year of life, it provides 85% to 98% protection against severe illness and hospitalization and 74% to 87% against rotavirus illness of any severity. The introduction of these vaccines has led to a significant decrease in the number of severe rotavirus cases and hospitalizations.

As a parent, especially if you’re new to it, your child’s health is your main concern. While rotavirus is one illness that can impact your child, there are several others to be cautious about. It’s important to identify this infection due to its symptoms, which can resemble normal things an infant goes through. Rotavirus can be a serious illness, but you can protect your child from its effects with proper vaccination and preventive measures. By staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and consulting your healthcare provider, you will have no problem identifying any issues.

Sources:

National Library of Medicine: Rotavirus Vaccines: Effectiveness, Safety and Future Directions

CDC: About Rotavirus

Mayo Clinic: Rotavirus

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