Author: endeavoruser

The Importance of HPV Vaccination for Preteens

There is a lot going on in your child’s life, especially if they are in adolescence. This is a unique stage of their life, during which kids experience rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth. They face new challenges and opportunities, form their identity, and seek greater independence. Protecting their health as they prepare for the future is also crucial. One essential step in safeguarding their well-being is ensuring they receive the HPV vaccine.

The HPV vaccine is most effective during adolescence, before exposure to the virus. It helps prevent certain types of cancers and other serious health issues that could impact them later in life. By ensuring your child is vaccinated, you are helping protect them during this pivotal time of development, so they can continue to grow and thrive without the burden of preventable diseases.

Why HPV Vaccination Matters

HPV is a very common virus that is responsible for about 36,000 cases of cancer in both men and women each year in the United States alone. The good news is that the HPV vaccine can protect your child from these potential health risks long before they are ever exposed to the virus.

When Should Your Child Get the HPV Vaccine?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children receive two doses of the HPV vaccine at ages 11 to 12. The vaccination can be administered as early as 9.

Vaccination Schedule:

● First Dose: Between 11 and 12 years old (can start as early as age 9)

● Second Dose: 6 to 12 months after the first dose

A third dose will be required if your child receives two doses less than five months apart. Three doses are necessary for those starting the series between the ages of 15 and 26 to ensure full protection.

Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?

As mentioned above, the HPV vaccination is recommended for all preteens, starting at age 11 or 12, to ensure they are protected from HPV infections that can cause cancer later in life. Teens and young adults up to age 26 who have not started or completed the vaccine series should also receive the HPV vaccine.

Safety and Efficacy of the HPV Vaccine

The HPV vaccine has a proven track record of being safe and effective. Since its development in 2006, infections with the HPV types that cause most cancers and genital warts have dropped significantly — by 88% among teen girls and 81% among young adult women.

The percentage of cervical pre-cancers caused by these HPV types has also decreased by 40% among vaccinated women. The protection provided by the HPV vaccine remains high, with no evidence of waning over time.

The HPV vaccine is important for protecting your child, especially as they gain independence. By vaccinating early, you can ensure your child is protected long before exposure to the virus.

Sources:

CDC: HPV Vaccination Recommendations

CDC: Impact of the HPV Vaccine

National Cancer Institute: HPV and Cancer

Take Control of Your Health: Don’t Let Disease Steal Your Moment

We look forward to many things, sometimes for months, but some events are more special than others — whether it’s a child’s first birthday, your best friend’s wedding, or a long-awaited family reunion. However, instead of celebrating with your loved ones, you find yourself at home, feverish, achy, and bedridden, watching the moments unfold through social media or missing them entirely. This is especially devastating for children who will now have to stay home after contracting an infectious disease. Even worse, it is a disease that could have been prevented with a vaccination.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average % of children vaccinated by age two for infectious diseases such as measles and chickenpox is 84%. This means about 16% of this population has the potential to miss out on important events. Even more, the CDC has seen a recent decline in vaccination rates for kindergartners. At the start of the 2019–2020 school year, vaccination rates were about 95%. At the start of the 2022–2023 school year, it fell to 93%.

This may seem minor, but the number represents hundreds of thousands of children. This situation could open the door for the spreading of infectious diseases in schools, such as the flu and shingles, which are common causes of missed life events and serious health complications.

The National Foundation for Infectious Disease spoke with Emily, a previously healthy and active 13-year-old who faced a life-threatening situation when she developed severe flu complications just days before her 14th birthday. After being diagnosed with the flu, her condition got worse, resulting in her needing to be rushed to the emergency department and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with respiratory distress, septic shock, and severe lung damage. Emily ended up in a medically induced coma and on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, most commonly known as a life support machine. Her family later shared that the flu vaccine might have saved her from this life-threatening experience. After three months of intensive treatment, followed by rehabilitation and physical therapy, she made a full recovery. Now Emmily advocated for annual flu vaccinations to prevent severe flu complications.

Even historical stories highlight the regret of not taking immunization more seriously. Benjamin Franklin, one of America’s Founding Fathers, expressed deep regret for not inoculating his son against smallpox, a decision he regretted for the rest of his life after the child succumbed to the disease.

Consider these stories if you’re on the fence about getting vaccinated or think it’s unnecessary for you. It’s not just about avoiding a bad case of the flu or a mild cold — it’s about avoiding regret. It’s about ensuring you don’t look back and wish you had done something differently when you had the chance. If you’re uncertain about which vaccinations your children need, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional who can provide accurate and reliable information.

Schedule your vaccines for flu, COVID-19, HPV, meningitis, shingles, or any other preventable disease. This way, you can avoid missing out on those special moments and instead live your life fully, knowing you’ve done everything you can to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Sources:

CDC: Immunization

CDC: Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption from School Vaccine Requirements Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2022–23 School Year

National Foundations for Infectious Diseases: Emmily’s Story (Flu)

Categories
Dr. Casey

August: National Immunization Awareness Month

Did you know that August has the distinction of “National Immunization Awareness Month” (NIAM) each year? You can think of it like October when you see a lot of pink everywhere as people work to raise awareness and education about breast cancer. Obviously, there are a lot of key issues out there that people should be more aware of and understand the importance of. Off the top of my head, I can think of dozens of cancers, chronic diseases (like heart disease and osteoporosis), dangers of tobacco, mental health, black history, women’s history, animal rights, and gun violence — all having dedicated awareness months. And a quick Google search turned up all kinds of things.

Did you know there is a Blood Clot Awareness Month (March)? As it happens, July is National Vehicle Theft Awareness Month, and on the island of Hawai’i, January is Volcano Awareness Month! I think it is fair to say that some of these awareness months are better known than others. But when you start searching for “August awareness month,” the topic that seems to dominate is immunization awareness, showing how important this issue is all across the U.S.

What is National Immunization Awareness Month?

National Immunization Awareness Month (NIAM) is observed every year in August in the U.S. The purpose of NIAM is to promote how important vaccination (immunization) is for people of all ages. The American Public Health Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasize that NIAM is an ideal opportunity to encourage others to talk to a healthcare provider about vaccinations and ensure they are up to date on the necessary vaccines.

What is new about NIAM in 2024?

NIAM might be at its most important in 2024, as public health and healthcare professionals work harder than ever to get accurate information out to the public and stop the flood of misinformation and disinformation that seems to be increasing daily. Doubt about vaccines continues to increase with these inaccuracies, and we have seen childhood vaccination rates decline in the U.S. As many children start back to school this month, we must do whatever we can to stop preventable diseases before they start and keep our children and communities safe and healthy. For NIAM 2024, we are working to stop the decline in childhood vaccinations and to get these rates back up.

Not Just for Kids

The mis- and disinformation about vaccines is not just directed towards childhood vaccines, unfortunately. Some people who promote inaccuracies about vaccines and are very passionate about it target vaccines that save lives among adults and elderly individuals by protecting them from infectious diseases. Vaccine hesitancy refers to a person delaying the acceptance or refusing to receive a safe vaccine even though it is available. In recent years, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen vaccine hesitancy skyrocket in groups of all types of people, frequently resulting in lower vaccination rates. Lower vaccination rates have led to higher rates of preventable, infectious diseases like flu, COVID, and even measles outbreaks. Higher rates of illness have meant more people missing school and work because they are sick, spending more money on health care services, less time spent engaging in socializing and entertainment activities, and in extreme cases, worse mental health outcomes and negative economic impacts. It is definitely a ripple effect. The importance of vaccination should be promoted for individuals of all ages as we work to dispel myths and inaccuracies about vaccinations and to reduce vaccine hesitancy.

Other Questions?

Vaccination has become a very polarizing and even political topic in the U.S., which is both unfortunate and…well, dangerous. Individuals must remember that viruses, diseases, death, etc., do not acknowledge party lines, social status or wealth. Vaccination is important for everyone to protect themselves and their loved ones and contribute to their communities’ safety and health. There is a lot of information out there about vaccines, and some of it is trustworthy; some of it is not. If I were bitten by a snake I could not identify, I probably would not just trust what I found on a Google search about whether it was venomous…even if I found a result that supported my “hunch.” If you are unsure, then do not take a chance with your (and others’) health. Talk to a healthcare provider or message an expert. Ask questions.

As always, message me anytime with questions or thoughts. Take initiative in your health and if you are unsure, then find the answers you seek. If I do not know them, I will find them for you. I am a resource in whatever way I can be, and it is a privilege to be one.

Be Well; Be Kind,

Dr. Casey

Want to Learn More?

The CDC has more information on NIAM as well as resources you can use to promote vaccines for all different age groups here: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/events/niam/index.html

At the link above, you can also find short quizzes to help you determine which vaccines you need!

If you are looking for more information about vaccines and immunizations in general, this website from the CDC has a lot of helpful resources, including vaccine schedules, so you and your family can be sure you stay up to date on what vaccines you need as you get older. It also has links to vaccine recommendations for children and recommendations for adults: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

Here is a great page that breaks down the basics of vaccines, including ingredients found in some vaccines, ones found in specific vaccines, and information for you and your family: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/index.html

To read more about the decrease in childhood vaccinations in the U.S., check out this article: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7245a2.htm

Tips for Keeping Your Kids Healthy and Stopping the Spread of Infectious Diseases

As the back-to-school season begins, kids won’t just be bringing home new school supplies and homework — they’ll also be bringing home germs. Schools are inherently known for spreading illnesses, such as colds, flu, strep throat, norovirus, and even COVID-19, as everyone is in close quarters with each other.

A report from the Centres of Disease Control and Prevention showed that in 2022, around 3 million U.S. children, or 5.8% of those aged 5–17, were chronically absent from school due to health-related issues. These numbers are concerning because of its potential long-term impact on academic performance, school engagement, and the risk of school dropout. To reduce these risks, there are a few things parents and children can do to make sure they don’t miss out.

The Rise in COVID-19 and How to Avoid it

During this summer, the United States has seen a rise in COVID-19 cases, with infections expected to continue increasing as kids start to crowd their school hallways. The current dominant strains, KP.3 and KP.3.1.1, are known to be more contagious and better at evading vaccine-induced immunity than previous variants. If you feel sick or suspect you might have COVID-19, it’s important to stay home. However, being vaccinated can help you return to normal activities more quickly once your symptoms improve and you’ve been fever-free for 24 hours without using medication.

Getting vaccinated and staying home when you’re sick is easier said than done, but it’s important for trying to mitigate the risk of this tricky virus. COVID-19 can spread without people even realizing it. A two-year study of over 160,000 households found that more than 70% of viral transmissions, including COVID-19, started with a child.It was also found that these pediatric transmissions dropped by 60% to 80% during school breaks, highlighting the significant role school attendance plays in the spread of the virus.

Vaccinations: A Key Line of Defense

As mentioned above, vaccinations are important to reducing the chance of getting and spreading diseases in school. Vaccines are able to reduce the transmission of illnesses like the flu and COVID-19 by 40% to 50%, and other childhood diseases like pneumococcal infections, chickenpox, and polio by even higher percentages.

There have been some growing concerns and doubts among some parents about the safety or efficacy of vaccines. If you’re on the fence about getting vaccinated, it’s important to seek out reliable information from trusted sources such as healthcare professionals and reputable health organizations. Discuss your concerns with your doctor, who can provide evidence-based answers and address any specific worries you might have. Educate yourself about the benefits of vaccination for your children’s health and those around you. Making an informed decision can help protect yourself and others from preventable diseases.

Good Hygiene Practices to Reduce the Spread of Illness

Vaccines are the number one way to help prevent the spread of illness, but there are other strategies to consider. The CDC issued guidelines earlier this year for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in schools, focusing on respiratory etiquette, hand-washing, and vaccination.

Coughing and Sneezing Etiquette: Proper coughing and sneezing hygiene is essential in reducing the transmission of respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and the flu. Try to encourage your children to cover their mouths and noses with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and to wash their hands immediately afterward. If a tissue isn’t close by, coughing or sneezing into the elbow is the next best option.

Hand-Washing: With classrooms full of high-touch surfaces, such as door handles, shared supplies, and sports equipment, proper hand-washing is very important for hygiene. It can prevent about 30% of diarrhea-related illnesses and 20% of respiratory infections.

When to Keep Kids Home from School

Even if you can push through, taking a day to recover can be the best choice. One of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of illness in schools is to keep your children home when they’re sick. Not only do sick children risk infecting their classmates, but they can also spread illness to teachers and staff, which can cause even further disruptions to your child’s education.

These tips cannot be implemented overnight. It takes practice to reinforce healthy habits that can reduce illness. Other things, such as getting enough sleep, eating nutritious meals, and regular physical activity, can help strengthen your child’s immune system. These practices benefit the whole family and can make a big difference in keeping everyone healthy throughout the school year.

Sources:

Jama Network: Smart Thermometer–Based Participatory Surveillance to Discern the Role of Children in Household Viral Transmission During the COVID-19 Pandemic

CDC: Chronic School Absenteeism for Health-related Reasons Among Children Ages 5‒17 Years: United States, 2022

CDC: Vaccines

CDC: Clean Hands

The Parents Guide to Preparing Your Child for School

With the beginning of school only weeks away, it’s time to pack those bags and gather all the essentials to start the school year off right. While you’re busy gathering everything your child needs, don’t overlook one crucial aspect: ensuring their health is up-to-date. This means scheduling a check-up to confirm they’ve received all the required vaccinations, regardless of the educational level they are entering.

You must provide proof of their vaccination records to enroll your child in school. Most vaccinations your child needs are administered before they turn two; however, additional doses, such as boosters, are necessary as they age. If your child is entering kindergarten, they must get the tetanus and whooping cough booster, polio booster, measles-mumps-rubella booster, and chickenpox booster vaccines. But how do you know when to get that extra boost?

Keeping Vaccine Records Up-to-Date

It is important to keep your child’s vaccine records updated for your peace of mind and to protect them. Each child is given a vaccine card at birth, which should be brought to every well-child visit. This card holds your vaccination history from infant to adult. This allows healthcare providers to review and ensure the records are current. Mismatches between school records and those at the doctor’s office can cause issues, so ensure the information aligns. You can always request a copy of your child’s vaccine records from your doctor to provide to the school if needed.

What Vaccines Does My Child Need?

To ensure your child has their vaccinations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides a detailed immunization schedule for children, updated annually.

The schedule is divided into age-specific recommendations for vaccines, including:

Birth to 6 Years

● Birth: Hepatitis B (HepB)

● 1–2 Months: HepB, DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), IPV (Inactivated Poliovirus), PCV13 (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), RV (Rotavirus)

● 4–6 Months: DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, RV

● 6–18 Months: HepB, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, RV

● 12–15 Months: Hib, PCV13, MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), VAR (Varicella), HepA (Hepatitis A)

● 15–18 Months: DTaP

● 18–24 Months: HepA

● 4–6 Years: DTaP, IPV, MMR, VAR

7–18 Years

● 11–12 Years: Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis), MCV4 (Meningococcal conjugate), HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

● 16 Years: MCV4 (booster)

You can check the CDC’s official website or consult a healthcare provider for the most current and detailed schedule

.

What to Do If Vaccine Records Are Missing or You’re New to the Country?

Misplacing or losing vaccination records can happen, and if you can’t find your personal or doctor’s records, your child may need to receive some vaccines again. While not ideal, it’s safe to repeat vaccines. Sometimes, a doctor can perform blood tests to check for immunity to certain diseases. If you don’t have a written record of your child’s vaccines, your doctor can assist by retrieving records from previous healthcare providers.

For new families that have moved to the U.S., the vaccinations they received from their previous home are usually accepted as long as they meet the U.S. schedule. Countries like Mexico, Canada, and many in Central and South America follow similar vaccination guidelines, so the records from those countries are generally accepted. However, ensure you have full documentation of the dates the vaccines were given.

Vaccination Exemptions

Some exemptions from state or local vaccination requirements may apply to certain children. All states and the District of Columbia allow medical exemptions for children with conditions that prevent them from receiving vaccines. Most states also offer nonmedical exemptions for religious or philosophical reasons, except for three states.

To obtain an exemption, you must provide the appropriate form to the school, which will be kept in your child’s permanent record. If you choose not to vaccinate your child, pediatricians will continue to discuss the benefits and risks at each visit, especially if your child’s health changes.

Medical exemptions from vaccinations are generally uncommon but may be necessary in certain situations. For example, a medical exemption might be required if a child experiences a severe, life-threatening reaction to a vaccine or is undergoing medical treatments like chemotherapy. Your doctor can provide the appropriate documentation to obtain the exemption in these cases.

Starting the School Year Right

While a new backpack and pencils are important for the school year, preparing for school registration and ensuring your child’s vaccinations are up-to-date is equally essential. Consult your doctor if you’re unsure about your child’s vaccination status. They can guide on what vaccinations are needed and address any concerns about exemptions. Your child’s health should be a top priority for their well-being and the safety of those around them. Before sending them off to school, ensure they are healthy so they can enjoy a new year of wonder and learning.

Sources

CDC: Staying Up to Date with Your Vaccine Records

CDC: What is an Exemption and What Does it Mean?

CDC: Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger; 2024 U.S.

Categories
Dr. Casey

Global Public Health Emergency: What to Know about mpox

On Wednesday, August 14, 2024, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (also known as the WHO) declared mpox a global public health emergency. This declaration was due to a rapid increase in cases of mpox in several countries in Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The hike in mpox cases has been closely watched by international health experts who are concerned that the virus could spread to even more African countries and potentially outside of the African continent. By identifying the very real threat of this outbreak, health professionals and governments from around the globe will be able to work together towards stopping the spread of mpox and end the current outbreaks.

What is mpox?

You may have heard of this virus before but perhaps under its former name (monkeypox). It was called that because the Monkeypox virus causes the illness. Now, though, this disease is known as mpox. The monkeypox virus that causes mpox is related to the same group of viruses that causes smallpox (but it is not related to chickenpox). The virus that causes mpox has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals, mostly living in Central and West Africa. Mpox is consistently present in these areas, so it is considered “endemic” in those places. For comparison, many diseases are considered endemic in the U.S., such influenza (flu), chronic hepatitis, and HIV.

What is the disease like?

The most common symptoms of mpox are a skin rash or lesions (often looking like sores) which can be anywhere on the body. Rashes and lesions typically last around 2–4 weeks. This type of rash usually starts as a flat sore which may itch or become painful as it next blisters and fills with liquid. Finally, scabs will develop and fall off of these areas as the rashes and lesions heal. Other frequent symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, muscle aches, and back pain. But the exact symptoms and severity will differ from person to person. Although rare, it is also possible to be infected with mpox without developing any symptoms. Symptoms of mpox usually start within a week of exposure, but can start anywhere from 1–21 days after being exposed. While symptoms should clear up between 2–4 weeks, it can take longer for people with weak immune systems, children, and those who are pregnant.

It is very important to be aware that there is potential for serious complications due to mpox symptoms. Some of these include bacterial infections of open lesions, sepsis (an infection of the blood), pneumonia, severe dehydration and/or malnutrition caused by vomiting and diarrhea, inflammation of many organs, and even death.

How is mpox spread?

Mpox is spread through direct contact with infected people, animals, contaminated materials, and infected pregnant individuals can pass the virus to their unborn baby. Among humans, mpox can be spread face-to-face (talking/breathing), skin-to-skin, mouth-to-mouth, and through close contact (through respiratory droplets); it can also spread through touch, kissing, or sexual interaction. People with mpox are infectious and can pass the disease on to others until all sores have healed and a new layer of skin has formed.

How is mpox treated?

Mpox treatment is focused on managing the symptoms, healing rashes and sores, managing pain, and preventing complications. Some antiviral drugs that were originally developed to treat smallpox have been used to treat mpox, and more studies are in progress to determine how effective these may be.

How can mpox be prevented?

There is an approved mpox vaccine that can assist in preventing infection. The vaccine should be given within 4 days of coming in contact with someone with mpox. For high-risk people, such as health workers who may be exposed and individuals with specific risk factors, mpox vaccination is highly recommended, particularly during an outbreak. Anyone with known or suspected mpox should be quarantined and cared for away from others who may contract the virus.

Other Questions?

While this may seem far removed from the safety of the United States, diseases like mpox should never be underestimated. Learning and understanding these kinds of health issues is critical because no one can guarantee that a highly contagious virus like this will not slip through the cracks and accidentally show up on our doorstep. With international travel being as convenient and accessible as it is today, we have a responsibility to know what is happening in the rest of the world, and to do what we can to keep ourselves and others safe and healthy. We are very fortunate to have global leadership that is taking a proactive approach to the current outbreak and working with people from all over the world to contain this virus as much as possible. Still, though, we must take whatever steps we can — even if that is just making sure we are educated — to be prepared, and engage in safe, preventive health practices.

Feel free to message my Facebook page with questions and thoughts. I love hearing from you and have been amazed at the incredible, thoughtful questions I have received! It is refreshing (and reassuring) to see so many people truly interested and invested in their health and the health of their loved ones and communities. I am always here as a resource that you can access and, most importantly, trust.

Be Well; Be Kind,

Dr. Casey

Want to Learn More?

If you want to read more about the WHO’s recent decision to declare mpox a global public health emergency, here is a press release that gives an overview of the issue and the decision: https://www.who.int/news/item/14-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern

If you are interested in learning more about mpox, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has an overview and more information here: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/about/index.html

The WHO has even more details about mpox, including its signs, symptoms, and important advice for prevention available here: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox

Empowering Health: The Lifesaving Role of Childhood Vaccinations as the School Year Approaches

We discuss them all the time but rarely hear about vaccines’ overall impact on our society. From seasonal influenza to measles, vaccines have long been recognized as one of the most effective public health strategies for preventing diseases that profoundly impact our communities. Preventing the spread of life-threatening illnesses starts in childhood, and significant progress in this area began in the late 1800s. Thanks to vaccines, millions of children have been protected from potentially deadly diseases and can even fend off common illnesses like the flu.

A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlights the enormous impact of routine childhood vaccinations in the U.S. between 1994 and 2023. During this period, vaccines prevented approximately 508 million cases of illness, 32 million hospitalizations, and 1,129,000 deaths. The report states that the cumulative number of illnesses prevented ranged from 5,000 for tetanus to approximately 100 million for measles and varicella. The highest estimated cumulative number of hospitalizations and deaths prevented were 13.2 million hospitalizations for measles vaccination and 752,800 deaths for diphtheria vaccination.

These numbers highlight the significant impact of vaccines. For example, recent models assessing the effectiveness of the recently approved vaccine for COVID-19 illustrate their success. Researchers used mathematical models to evaluate the global impact of COVID-19 vaccination programs. They considered factors such as COVID-19 transmission rates, vaccination coverage, reported mortality from COVID-19, and all-cause excess mortality across 185 countries and territories.

The findings indicate that based on reported COVID-19 deaths, COVID-19 vaccines are estimated to have prevented about 14.4 million deaths in just one year. When accounting for excess deaths — a broader measure of pandemic-related mortality — this estimate rises to 19.8 million lives saved. This represents a 63% reduction in total deaths during the first year of the vaccination campaign.

Vaccine Hesitancy

Despite the success of vaccines, several hurdles remain in the way, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. When individuals or communities are reluctant or refuse to vaccinate, the immunity that prevents outbreaks begins to weaken. Diseases once considered eradicated or under control, such as measles or polio, can resurface as vaccination rates decline. For instance, measles — once declared eradicated in many regions — has resurgent in areas where vaccination rates have dropped. Measles cases in 2024 are the highest since 2019 in the United States. This can increase as children get ready to return to school next month. A resurgence like this not only risks the health of those who are unvaccinated but is also a major risk to vulnerable populations who cannot receive vaccines due to medical reasons.

How to be Prepared Before Going Back to School

As kids start to look for new school supplies, parents and guardians should check their children’s vaccine schedules to ensure they are up to date. Below is a general vaccine schedule for U.S. children and adolescents preparing to return to school. Remember that individual needs can vary, so it’s always best to consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

Vaccine Schedule for School-aged Children (Pre-K through 12th Grade)

For Preschoolers (Pre-K)

DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis):

○ 5 doses: 2, 4, 6 months; 15–18 months; 4–6 years

IPV (Inactivated Poliovirus):

○ 4 doses: 2, 4, 6–18 months; 4–6 years

MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella):

○ 2 doses: 12–15 months; 4–6 years

Varicella (Chickenpox):

○ 2 doses: 12–15 months; 4–6 years

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b):

○ 3–4 doses, depending on the brand: 2, 4, 6 months; 12–15 months

Hepatitis B:

○ 3 doses: Birth, 1–2 months, 6–18 months

Pneumococcal (PCV13):

○ 4 doses: 2, 4, 6 months; 12–15 months

Hepatitis A:

○ 2 doses: 12–23 months (second dose 6–18 months after the first)

For Elementary School Children (Grades K-5)

DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis):

○ Ensure completion of the series (5 doses by age 6)

IPV (Inactivated Poliovirus):

○ Ensure completion of the series (4 doses by age 6)

MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella):

○ Ensure 2 doses are completed

Varicella (Chickenpox):

○ Ensure 2 doses are completed

Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis):

○ 1 dose: 11–12 years

HPV (Human Papillomavirus):

○ 2–3 doses depending on age at first dose: Start at 11–12 years

Meningococcal (MenACWY):

○ 1 dose: 11–12 years

Flu Vaccine:

○ Annual vaccination, recommended before the flu season starts

For Middle and High School Students (Grades 6–12)

DTaP (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis):

○ 1 dose: 11–12 years

HPV (Human Papillomavirus):

○ 2–3 doses depending on age at first dose: Start at 11–12 years

Meningococcal (MenACWY):

○ 1 dose: 11–12 years

○ Booster dose: 16 years

Flu Vaccine:

○ Annual vaccination, recommended before the flu season starts

COVID-19 Vaccine:

○ Follow current CDC recommendations, which may include booster doses based on age and previous doses.

It’s important to remember that individual needs vary, so it’s always best to consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

Sources

CDC: Health and Economic Benefits of Routine Childhood Immunizations in the Era of the Vaccines for Children Program — United States, 1994–2023

CDC: Immunization Schedule

National Library of Medicine: Lives saved by COVID‐19 vaccines

WHO: A Brief History of Vaccines

Infants Tummy Troubles Could Be Rotavirus

It’s a common infection that might look like a routine childhood sickness. Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects infants and young children, causing severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. This virus was first discovered in 1973 in children suffering from gastroenteritis samples. Before a vaccine was created, rotavirus was the highest cause of severe diarrhea in babies and young children in the United States.

Transmission

The virus sheds in an infected person’s stool and is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated hands or objects, such as toys, surfaces, or utensils. It can also spread by consuming contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person. This is easy to spread to children as they can forget to wash their hands.

Symptoms of Rotavirus

The symptoms of rotavirus infection typically begin within two days of exposure to the virus and can last for 3–8 days. Common symptoms include:

● Severe watery diarrhea

● Vomiting

● Fever

● Abdominal pain

● Dehydration (which can be severe and life-threatening, especially in young children)

Most children recover from rotavirus without long-term health effects, with symptoms typically lasting about a week. However, if dehydration occurs, it can lead to serious complications, so it’s important to contact your healthcare provider immediately if your child shows symptoms.

Prevention of Rotavirus

A series of vaccines weren’t officially developed until the early 2000s. These vaccines are given orally and recommended for infants at two months of age. The vaccination schedule typically includes two to three doses, depending on the vaccine used.

The rotavirus vaccine is determined to be highly effective. During the first year of life, it provides 85% to 98% protection against severe illness and hospitalization and 74% to 87% against rotavirus illness of any severity. The introduction of these vaccines has led to a significant decrease in the number of severe rotavirus cases and hospitalizations.

As a parent, especially if you’re new to it, your child’s health is your main concern. While rotavirus is one illness that can impact your child, there are several others to be cautious about. It’s important to identify this infection due to its symptoms, which can resemble normal things an infant goes through. Rotavirus can be a serious illness, but you can protect your child from its effects with proper vaccination and preventive measures. By staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and consulting your healthcare provider, you will have no problem identifying any issues.

Sources:

National Library of Medicine: Rotavirus Vaccines: Effectiveness, Safety and Future Directions

CDC: About Rotavirus

Mayo Clinic: Rotavirus

Immunization Month in Tennessee: Protecting and Educating for Better Health

August is Immunization Month, a crucial time for Tennesseans to come together and focus on the importance of vaccinations. This month, we celebrate the life-saving impact of vaccines, educate our communities on the benefits of immunization, and encourage everyone in Tennessee to stay up-to-date with their vaccinations. Let’s explore why Immunization Month is vital for our state and how you can contribute to a healthier Tennessee.

The Importance of Immunization in Tennessee

Vaccines are one of the most effective public health tools available. In Tennessee, they prevent the spread of infectious diseases, save lives, and protect future generations. Diseases like measles, polio, and whooping cough, once common and often deadly, have been significantly reduced or eradicated thanks to widespread immunization efforts.

Protecting Tennessee Communities

Herd immunity is achieved when a large portion of our population is vaccinated. This means that even those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants, elderly individuals, and those with compromised immune systems, are protected from the spread of contagious diseases. Immunization is a collective responsibility that helps safeguard the health of our entire Tennessee community.

Educating and Engaging Tennesseans

Education is a cornerstone of Immunization Month. Misconceptions and misinformation about vaccines can lead to vaccine hesitancy. By providing accurate information and addressing concerns, we can help Tennesseans make informed decisions about their health. Health Hero and other organizations are dedicated to offering resources, hosting events, and engaging with communities across Tennessee to spread knowledge about the benefits of vaccines.

Celebrating Tennessee’s Progress

Immunization Month is also a time to celebrate our progress in public health in Tennessee. Over the decades, vaccines have saved millions of lives and have been instrumental in eradicating or controlling deadly diseases. This month, we honor the scientists, healthcare workers, and advocates who have worked tirelessly to advance immunization efforts in our state.

How Tennesseans Can Get Involved

  1. Stay Informed: Keep yourself updated with the latest information about vaccines and immunization schedules. Trusted sources like the CDC and WHO provide valuable insights and updates.
  2. Get Vaccinated: Ensure you and your family are up-to-date with all recommended vaccines. Encourage friends and loved ones to do the same.
  3. Spread the Word: Use your voice on social media platforms to share accurate vaccine information. Join the conversation and help dispel myths surrounding immunization.
  4. Support Local Events: Participate in local health events and campaigns. Health fairs, vaccination drives, and educational seminars are great opportunities to learn and contribute.
  5. Advocate for Vaccination: Engage with community leaders and policymakers to promote the importance of vaccines. Advocacy can lead to better funding for immunization programs and improved vaccine access.

Looking Ahead for Tennessee

As we observe Immunization Month, let’s reflect on our progress and the work that still needs to be done in Tennessee. Vaccines are a testament to the power of science and collective action. By continuing to educate, advocate, and immunize, we can ensure a healthier future for all Tennesseans.

Join us this August in celebrating Immunization Month. Together, we can protect, educate, and celebrate the incredible impact of vaccines on our health and well-being. Let’s commit to staying informed, getting vaccinated, and spreading the word. After all, a healthier Tennessee starts with us.

Visit www.healthherotn.com to see when our vaccination clinics are taking place across Tennessee. Let’s work together to keep our communities healthy and safe!

Preparing for Flu Season Amid Rise in Respiratory Illnesses in Tennessee

As flu season approaches, Tennessee is experiencing an increase in respiratory illnesses, particularly in certain regions. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that the current levels of these illnesses may surpass last summer’s wave and approach the peak levels of last winter’s wave in the western parts of the country.

This rise in cases is attributed to a combination of factors, including low vaccination rates and severe heat waves across Tennessee, which have led many people to stay indoors, increasing the potential for virus transmission. Currently, only 22.5% of adults and 14.4% of children in Tennessee are up to date on their vaccinations. Among pregnant individuals, the rate is even lower at just 13.3%, despite their increased risk of severe illness and complications.

The Importance of Vaccination Before Flu Season

Vaccination before the flu season is crucial for several reasons. One significant concern is the potential dual threat of the flu and other respiratory viruses. Both viruses can strain healthcare systems, leading to increased hospitalizations and severe illnesses. Vaccinations can help mitigate these risks by reducing the severity of illnesses and the burden on healthcare facilities.

Vaccination also provides enhanced protection by reducing the transmission of viruses within communities, which is particularly important for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Ensuring everyone is vaccinated can help keep these populations safer and healthier during the flu season.

Prioritizing Children for Vaccination

Children in Tennessee should be prioritized for vaccination due to their developing immune systems and frequent exposure to settings with other children. Vaccinating children helps lower transmission rates within communities and protects those around them, including family members like grandparents.

While children often experience milder symptoms, they are not immune to severe outcomes. Vaccination can prevent hospitalizations and long-term health issues associated with respiratory illnesses and ensure children miss fewer school days.

Common Infections and Recommended Vaccines for Tennessee Children Before School Starts

Besides the flu, Tennessee children should be mindful of several common infections before returning to school, such as measles, whooping cough, hepatitis B, and pneumococcal disease. Recently, there has been a rise in measles cases in the US, with 165 confirmed cases, mostly in children under five.

To protect against these diseases, children in Tennessee should receive the following vaccines before school starts:

  • Diphtheria and Tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine and Pertussis vaccine (DTaP or Tdap)
  • Hepatitis B vaccine
  • Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR)
  • Polio vaccine
  • Varicella (Chickenpox) vaccine

Ensuring children are up to date on their vaccinations will help them enjoy the rest of summer and prepare for a healthy school season.

Sources

CDC: Wastewater COVID-19 National and Regional Trends

CDC: Weekly COVID-19 Vaccination Dashboard

Mayo Clinic: Measles

CDC: Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age

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