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The Significance of the Measles Vaccination for Children in Times of Resurgence

In the United States, there continue to be small outbreaks of the measles virus dispute the vaccine being readily available. Once on the brink of elimination, measles has made a comeback, posing a significant threat to children.

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection with symptoms resembling a common cold — fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. A rash can occur that starts on the face and spreads across the body. Contracting measles in the U.S. results in hospitalization for approximately 1 in 5 individuals, and 1 to 3 out of 1,000 people with measles may die of the disease, even with the best medical attention.

According to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 48 cases of measles were reported by 20 jurisdictions. This number is lower than in previous years, but it’s concerning to see outbreaks occurring considering in the 2000s the disease was declared eliminated. Several factors contribute to this reintroduction, including international travel and reduced childhood vaccinations.

Vaccination remains the most effective way to combat the measles. Children should receive two doses of MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine, with the first dose starting between 12 and 15 months. The second dose should be administered to those 4 to 6 years old. The second dose can be given earlier just if it is 28 days after the first dose.

A single dose of the MMR vaccine is 93% effective against measles, 78% effective against mumps, and 97% effective against rubella. Two doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective against measles and 88% effective against mumps. People receiving their MMR vaccinations are usually considered protected for life against measles and rubella.

One of the most significant challenges with this disease is a delay in accepting the vaccine. The controversy surrounding the link between the MMR vaccine and autism has been thoroughly investigated and debunked by extensive reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Academy of Medicine, and the CDC. These organizations have found that autism is often identified in those between 18 and 30 months of age, which is around the same time children are given their first MMR vaccine.

The recent resurgence of measles in the United States is a stark reminder of the importance of vaccination. This disease remains one of the leading causes of death among young children globally. While the risk of measles in the U.S. is low, if vaccination rates continue to decline the country could see larger pockets of outbreaks across different jurisdictions. By prioritizing vaccination, we can prevent this disease from spreading further and return to the conditions of the early 2000s when measles was successfully eradicated in the U.S.

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Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Measles (Rubeola)

Mayo Clinic: Measles

American Academy of Pediatrics: Vaccines — Autism Toolkit

National Academy of Medicine: Vaccines do not cause Autism

World Health Organization: Measles

Getting the HPV Vaccine During Cervical Cancer Awareness Month

January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month (CCAM) and it’s an opportunity to raise awareness about the prevention and early intervention of one of the most common and preventable cancers in women.

Cervical cancer develops slowly over time and starts in the cells of the cervix. The cervix connects the upper part of the uterus and anyone with a cervix can develop cervical cancer. Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection, and while most infections clear on their own, persistent infections can lead to cervical cancer over time. The body’s immune system typically prevents HPV from doing any harm, however, in a small percentage of people, the virus survives for years and contributes to the process that causes some cervical cells to become cancer cells.

In 2020, 11,542 new cases of cervical cancer were reported among women in the United States, and 4,272 women died of this cancer. Every day in Tennessee, a woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer, and every three days one dies from the disease. Globally, cervical cancer is in the top ten most common cancers in women, with 604,000 new cases recorded in 2020. About 90% of the 342,000 deaths caused by cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries.

Risk Factors:

Other risk factors can contribute to the development of cervical cancer, which include:

● HPV Infection: HPV is the primary cause of cervical cancer and is responsible for over 90% of diagnoses.

● Smoking: Tobacco use has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

● Long-term Use of Oral Contraceptives: Prolonged use of certain birth control pills may contribute to the risk.

Prevention:

While there is no guarantee to prevent cervical cancer, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, routine screenings, and the HPV vaccine all help to reduce the risk. The Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends beginning the HPV vaccine series as low as the age of 9 with the possibility of continuing from age 27 to 45.

Women should also seek screening for cervical cancer every 5–10 years starting at age 30. Screening includes cervical cytology (also called the Pap test or Pap smear) and testing for human papillomavirus (HPV). Getting routinely checked has been known to save lives, with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologistssaying the number of cervical cancer cases and deaths has decreased by one-half over the past 30 years.

Symptoms and Treatment:

Cervical cancer may not cause noticeable signs and symptoms in its early stages, which is why regular screening is important for early detection. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may become more apparent. Some common symptoms of cervical cancer include:

● Abnormal vaginal bleeding

● Pelvic pain

● Vaginal discharge

● Pain during urination

● Back pain or leg swelling

● Weight loss, fatigue, and loss of appetite

If cervical cancer develops, it’s often treated with surgery to remove the cancer. Other treatments can include chemotherapy or targeted therapy medicines to kill the cancer cells. Radiation therapy is also used along with low-dose chemotherapy.

A Global Call to Action:

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set out a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2120. To guide countries towards achieving this goal by 2030, three specific targets have been established:

● 90% of girls vaccinated with the HPV vaccine by age 15.

● 70% of women screened with a high-quality test by ages 35 and 45.

● 90% of women with cervical disease receiving treatment.

By achieving this goal, the WHO estimates that 74 million new cases of cervical cancer can be averted, and 62 million deaths can be avoided.

Cervical Cancer Awareness Month is a time to raise awareness about cervical cancer and get informed, get screened, and get vaccinated. Committing to this is not just a matter of health; it’s also a human right. Participating in Cervical Cancer Awareness Month contributes to the global effort to eradicate preventable diseases and promote a healthier, more equitable world.

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Sources:

World Health Organization: Cervical Cancer Awareness Month 2023

Tenessee Health Department: Cervical Cancer Information and Screening Guidelines

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Cancer Statistics At a Glance

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Cervical Cancer

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Cervical Cancer Screening

The Importance of Keeping Children’s Vaccination Records Up-to-Date

A parent’s primary concern is the health and well-being of their children. There are many factors to ensuring our children are safe especially when they are young and developing. One crucial aspect of this is keeping children’s vaccination records current. Vaccines help to prevent common diseases that can seriously harm or even kill infants, children, and adults. If children are not vaccinated, they run the risk of becoming seriously ill or even dying from diseases such as measles and whooping cough. Maintaining accurate vaccination records can be challenging, but there are practical tips on how to stay organized and ensure you are on top of your child’s health.

Vaccine records are comprehensive documentation of the vaccines your child has received. These records help keep track of vaccines received and provide your healthcare provider with your child’s immunization history. These records are essential for various reasons. There are schools and childcare facilities that require up-to-date vaccination records for enrollment. If you are traveling, some destinations may have specific vaccination requirements due to region-specific diseases. Finally, vaccine documentation is important in case of a medical emergency. This information enables healthcare providers to quickly assess a child’s immunization history to determine the most appropriate course of action.

The vaccination process starts just a few months after a child’s birth and extends into their adolescence. Here is a general timeframe of vaccines children need:

Birth to 2 Months:

This stage is the most important to start building a strong immune system for your child. infants typically receive the Hepatitis B vaccine shortly after birth. Other vaccines, such as the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis), Hib (Haemophilus influenza type b), IPV (inactivated poliovirus), and PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate) vaccines, are administered at two months of age.

4 to 6 Months:

From four to six months of age, booster shots are given out for the vaccines taken at two months. This ensures infants have ongoing protection against the diseases listed above. The Rotavirus vaccine, designed to prevent severe diarrhea caused by the Rotavirus, is also administered during this period.

6 to 18 Months:

Around six months, the third dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine is given, completing that series. At this stage, children also receive the third dose of the DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV13, and Rotavirus vaccines. At this age, the annual seasonal influenza vaccine is also recommended.

12 to 15 Months:

Children usually receive the first dose of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and the Varicella (chickenpox) vaccines between their first and second birthdays. These vaccines provide immunity against highly contagious diseases, preventing severe complications.

18 to 24 Months:

The final doses of the DTaP, Hib, IPV, and PCV13 vaccines are administered during this timeframe. The Hepatitis A vaccine is also recommended, given in two doses at least six months apart.

4 to 6 Years:

Between four and six years of age, children receive booster doses of the DTaP, MMR, and Varicella vaccines. Additionally, the fourth dose of the IPV vaccine is administered, completing the primary series.

Adolescence:

As children enter adolescence, certain vaccinations may require booster shots or additional doses. The Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) vaccine is typically given at age 11 or 12, followed by a Td (tetanus and diphtheria) booster every ten years thereafter. The HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls around the same age to prevent certain types of cancers.

Understanding the timeframe and tracking when children need to get vaccinated is important to making informed decisions.

To keep track of their schedule you can create your record system. You can develop a dedicated folder whether it is a physical or digital folder for your child’s vaccination records. This will serve as a centralized and easily accessible location for all related documents. You can ensure the accuracy of your records by including important details such as the vaccine name, date of administration, administering healthcare provider, and the lot number. You can also set reminders for yourself, such as an alert on your phone or using a calendar app to stay informed about upcoming vaccinations and booster shots.

There are further steps you can take to ensure you are ready and organized, such as requesting copies of updated vaccination records from healthcare providers after each administration. You can also stay well-informed about the recommended vaccination schedule for your child’s specific age by referring to guidelines provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The organization provides an in-depth schedule that has the recommended vaccine for different stages of your child’s life.

While all these steps are important to maintaining the records of your child’s vaccination, it’s also important to discuss with your healthcare provider about questions you may have about vaccines. In the age of information, it’s crucial to approach vaccine-related content on the Internet with caution and to always ask a professional before making a final decision. It’s important to understand that extensive lab testing is done before a new vaccine is given to people. Even when testing is completed, it can still take years before clinical studies are complete and the vaccine is licensed.

After a vaccine is licensed, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), CDC, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other federal agencies continue routine monitoring and investigate any potential safety concerns.

By staying organized and maintaining accurate up-to-date vaccination records for your child, you can ensure your children are safe, especially during the developing stage of life. Regularly updating these records is a simple and effective way to protect your child and those around them from preventable diseases. Prioritize this task, and you’ll be laying a strong foundation for your child’s healthy and happy life.

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Sources:

Centers for Disease Control and Preventions: Vaccine Schedule

National Library of Medicine: Immunization in the United States: Recommendations, Barriers, and Measures to Improve Compliance

Standford Medicine Children’s Health: Why Childhood Immunizations Are Important

The Role Vaccines Have Played in Disease Prevention and Safeguarded Our Communities

For over 200 years, vaccinations have been a cornerstone of public health. They play an important role in helping prevent the spread of dangerous and infectious diseases and have made a significant impact on global health, preventing an estimated 3.5–5 million deaths each year globally.

Vaccines target various diseases, such as influenza, RSV, Covid-19, whopping cough, rotavirus, polio, etc. Vaccines have even helped ultimately eradicate some diseases like smallpox. In 1980, the World Health Assembly declared smallpox eliminated, and there have been no cases of naturally occurring smallpox since. The success of the smallpox vaccine shows how immunization saves lives globally.

While still around, polio is another devastating disease that has seen a dramatic decline thanks to vaccine campaigns. When polio infects an individual, approximately one out of every 200 cases result in permanent paralysis. Of those, 5–10% succumb to the condition when their respiratory muscles become paralyzed. Polio primarily impacts children below the age of 5.

While most people know about vaccines from the annual flu campaigns, vaccines can prevent a broader spectrum of diseases. Childhood immunizations help shield against diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella and protect against deadly diseases like hepatitis, tetanus, and diphtheria.

However, recently, there has been a decline in children getting vaccines. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, During the 2022–23 school year, nationwide vaccination coverage among kindergarten children remained around 93% for MMR, DTaP, polio, and VAR, similar to that in the 2021–22 school year, lower than the 94% coverage in the 2020–21 school year, and lower still than the 95% coverage during the 2019–20 school year. These new statistics have health officials concerned that we will see more outbreaks of diseases that were recently eliminated from the United States.

The CDC recommends routine vaccination against 14 diseases for children before they turn 2 years old.

Vaccine hesitancy plays a role in this decline. Misinformation, distrust in healthcare systems, and fear of side effects contribute to hesitancy among certain populations. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional to dispel myths and provide evidence-based information to address individual concerns.

It’s also important to note that significant advancements in vaccine technology offer a new era of precision and effectiveness. Traditional vaccines often use weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens to stimulate an immune response. Modern vaccine technologies, such as mRNA vaccines, represent a groundbreaking approach that uses the body’s cellular machinery to produce viral proteins, triggering a strong immune response.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of the quick and effectiveness of the vaccine development system. Vaccines like the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines were developed with unprecedented speed and showcased the potential of innovative technologies to respond to emerging threats.

Vaccinations have proven to be one of the most effective tools in safeguarding public health, preventing the spread of infectious diseases, and helping to save lives. Historical success, innovations in vaccine technology, and efforts to address vaccine hesitancy collectively contribute to the overarching goal of creating a world where preventable diseases are rare. By understanding diseases and how vaccines can help reduce their risk, we can build a healthier and more resilient community, protecting ourselves and future generations from the devastating impact of infectious diseases.

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Sources:

Research Gate: History of Vaccines and Immunization. Cornerstone of public health for 200 years that saved millions of human lives

World Health Organization: Poliomyelitis

World Health Organization: Vaccines and Immunizations

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Immunization

Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Smallpox

Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption from School Vaccine Requirements Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2022–23 School Year

Understanding the Critical Role of Vaccinations — Insights from a Rabies Incident in Alabama

The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommends vaccinations for children as a key strategy in preventing various communicable diseases.

Recently, an incident occurred in central Alabama where a young kitten died from rabies. This event, taking place in Autauga County, has brought to light the crucial importance of vaccinations for pets and children.

The Reality of Rabies and Vaccination Necessity

Rabies is a deadly virus that can affect both animals and humans. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), rabies in pets poses a significant risk to humans, especially in areas where wildlife rabies is common. In this situation, the kitten’s diagnosis and subsequent death underscore the potential dangers of unvaccinated pets.

The Broader Implications for Public Health

Vaccinations are a cornerstone of public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) states vaccinations prevent 2–3 million deaths yearly. This statistic highlights the broader implications of the Alabama incident, demonstrating the importance of vaccinations in preventing diseases in animals and humans.

Vaccinating Children: A Public Health Priority

While rabies in humans is rare in the U.S., the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommends vaccinations for children as a key strategy in preventing various communicable diseases. The role of vaccinations in children’s health cannot be overstated. Vaccinating children protects them from specific illnesses such as measles, mumps, rubella, whooping cough, and polio. Once common and often deadly, these diseases have been significantly reduced or nearly eradicated in populations with high vaccination rates.

Vaccinating children contributes to the broader concept of herd immunity. Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, thereby reducing its spread. This is particularly crucial for protecting individuals who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons, such as allergies, immune system disorders, or age restrictions. Infants, for example, who are too young to receive certain vaccinations or individuals undergoing chemotherapy, rely on the immunity of those around them to stay safe from these diseases.

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide comprehensive immunization schedules tailored to protect children at various stages of their development. Following these schedules is vital for ensuring that children receive their vaccinations at the most appropriate and effective times.

CDC recommended immunizations for children from birth through 6 years old (LINK)

In addition to protecting individual children, vaccinations play a critical role in maintaining public health. Outbreaks of diseases preventable by vaccines can occur when vaccination rates drop. These outbreaks pose a risk to unvaccinated children and the community at large, including those who are vaccinated, as no vaccine offers 100% protection.

By adhering to recommended vaccination schedules, we can ensure the health and well-being of future generations and continue the fight against preventable diseases.

The Consequences of Neglecting Vaccinations

The loss of the kitten to rabies due to a lack of vaccination is a stark reminder of the risks associated with inadequate vaccination practices. This narrative parallels the risks faced by unvaccinated children, who are more susceptible to preventable diseases.

A Call to Action

This story should encourage pet owners to vaccinate their pets against rabies, as mandated by law in many states. Similarly, it’s a reminder for parents to ensure their children are up to date with their vaccinations, following the recommended immunization schedules.

Preventive Measures Beyond Vaccination

The Alabama Department of Public Health recommends several measures to prevent rabies exposure, such as confining pets and avoiding contact with wild animals. These preventive strategies are crucial in complementing the role of vaccinations.

Embracing Our Role in Public Health

The rabies case in Alabama reminds us of our collective responsibility in public health. Ensuring pets and children are vaccinated is not just a legal requirement but a public health necessity. This story underscores the importance of comprehensive vaccination and preventive health measures.

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Sources

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Rabies.”
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). “Vaccines and Immunization.”
  3. American Academy of Pediatrics. “Immunization.”
  4. State Rabies Vaccination Laws.
  5. Alabama Department of Public Health. “Rabies Prevention.”
  6. Rabies post-exposure guide

Embrace the New Year By Prioritizing the Health and Well-being of Our Children

It’s time to celebrate the arrival of another new year! As 2023 comes to an end, 2024 brings new starts and ambitions. Many people will kick start the new year with a resolution, with most choosing to prioritize their families’ health and well-being. But you don’t need to wait until midnight to focus on healthier choices. With the influenza season in full swing, one of the most effective ways to ensure your family remains free of illness is through vaccination.

Keeping up with vaccinations has been essential in preventing and controlling infectious diseases for decades. They are a cornerstone of public health efforts, contributing to the overall well-being of communities.

Unfortunately, according to the CDC, flu vaccination coverage for all children six months to 17 years of age is 3.6 percentage points lower than last season (43.3% compared with 46.9%). For pregnant women aged 18 to 49, Overall coverage at the end of November 2023 (33.8%) is 2.2 percentage points lower compared with coverage at the end of November 2022 (36.0%).

This lower coverage leaves children vulnerable and susceptible to risks from seasonal flu and its potentially serious complications. As we enter the new year, ensure that your children are up-to-date on their vaccinations so you can avoid serious outcomes, including pneumonia.

It’s easy to stay up-to-date with your child’s vaccinations. All you have to do is consult a healthcare provider who will offer guidance on when children should receive specific vaccines. Health Hero Tennessee partners with organizations to establish community clinics and create tailored onsite clinic immunization programs that can scale according to needs.

Discussing vaccination with a healthcare provider can also help alleviate any hesitancy. Parents and caregivers need to seek information from reliable sources and engage in open conversations with healthcare professionals. Dispelling myths and addressing concerns can contribute to a better understanding of the importance of vaccinations in safeguarding children’s health.

Vaccinations not only protect those who received a shot but also create a barrier that contributes to community immunity. By achieving high vaccination rates, we create a barrier that limits the spread of infectious diseases, protecting those unable to receive vaccines due to age or medical reasons.

The science of vaccine development continues to evolve, with ongoing research aimed at improving and developing new vaccines. Since the 1980s, vaccinations have prevented about 2.5 million deaths per year in the United States, according to Statista. This study also shows that vaccines have significantly reduced the rate of child mortality. They are also responsible for helping to eradicate diseases like Polio and smallpox. Pertussis no longer kills one out of every 100 infants hospitalized with whooping cough. Finally, the Haemophilus Influenza B vaccine has successfully prevented the infection, harm, or incapacitation of over 10,000 children annually. Staying informed about the advancement in vaccines allows parents and caregivers to make informed decisions about their children’s health.

As 2023 ends and we embark on the journey of improving our health and well-being into 2024, it’s important to prioritize the health and safety of our children. Vaccinations can help achieve your health goals by providing a fighting chance against preventable diseases. Building your child’s immunity will extend beyond individual protection and create a barrier for entire communities. We can ensure a healthier and safer 2024 for our children and the years ahead by staying informed, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and maintaining vaccination schedules.

Here’s to a new year focused on the health and protection of our children!

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Sources:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Prevent Seasonal Flu

Statista: Vaccine-preventable diseases in the U.S. — statistics & facts

Jingle All the Way to a Happy and Healthy Holiday Season with Safety Tips for Air Traveling

It’s the busiest time of year, with millions of Americans preparing to travel for the holidays. For many, travel can be exhausting and take its toll on your body. This weakens the immune system and leaves you vulnerable to falling ill when you’re hoping to spread holiday cheer. It doesn’t help that airplanes can be a breeding ground for germs that can easily latch onto you.

A study published in the Journal of Environmental Health Research found that people were 113 times more likely to catch the common cold during a flight than standard ground transmission. Another study conducted by TravelMath, found that tray-table surfaces had more than eight times the number of bacteria per square inch than ‌bathroom flush buttons.

The trays reportedly had 2,155 colony-forming units of bacteria per square inch, compared to the 127, which is normally found on a standard toilet seat at home, according to the National Science Foundation. It’s also possible that deadly bacteria, including E. coli, can live on airplane surfaces for up to a week.

These studies conclude that in confined spaces like airplanes, it’s easy for passengers to come out of their flight feeling a bit ill. So don’t let the Grinch steal your festive spirit! Take proactive steps to safeguard your well-being and ensure a healthy holiday season.

To avoid getting sick this holiday travel season, use sanitizer wipes to clean frequently touched surfaces, such as tray tables, armrests, and seatbelts. This can help significantly reduce the risk of encountering harmful bacteria. Regularly wash your hands with soap and water, especially after using the washroom and before eating. You can support your immune system by staying hydrated throughout your flight. This method helps flush out toxins and improves your body’s natural defenses. You can also try to snag the window seat, which helps limit your exposure to aisle traffic and allows you to take advantage of the plane’s wall. This helps reduce the chance of direct contact with fellow travelers.

While all these steps are great in reducing the chance of getting sick, there is still one more thing that can help strengthen your immune system and ensure your body is ready to hit the air, and that’s with vaccinations. Routine vaccinations, such as influenza, can improve your health and the community’s health. Before heading out this holiday season, confirm if you are up to date with your vaccinations, as it can serve as a baseline for overall protection against the germs you may encounter at the airport.

Depending on where you are traveling, consider getting vaccines that address unique health risks associated with certain destinations. Diseases like typhoid, hepatitis A and B, and yellow fever can be threats in specific regions of the world. By taking the necessary precautions and getting vaccinated against these risks, you add an extra layer of defense against potential health hazards during your travels.

If you’re traveling with young ones, consider their vaccination schedule as well. Children’s immune systems are still developing and being exposed to a high-germ environment does leave them very vulnerable to getting sick. Check with your pediatrician to confirm that your child’s immunizations are current, or if they are old enough to receive a vaccine, and discuss any additional immunization that may be recommended based on your destination.

In addition to personal health measures, it’s essential to prioritize mental well-being during holiday travel. The stress and rush of the season, combined with the challenges of navigating crowded airports and managing tight schedules, can take a toll on your mental health, which can trickle down to your physical health. Ensure you take some time to rest and perform simple exercises to help during these stressful times. Doing this can contribute to a strengthened immune system and overall resilience to the flu.

By incorporating these health-conscious practices into your travel routine, you can maximize the joy of the holiday season while minimizing the risk of falling ill. Prioritizing physical and mental well-being ensures you arrive at your destination ready to celebrate with loved ones, creating lasting memories during this festive time of year. Safe travels and happy holidays!

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Sources:

National Library of Medicine: Health risks to air travelers

Science Direct: Air Travel: Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Jet Lag

Auburn University in Alabama study: Survival and Transmission of Selected Pathogens on Airplane Cabin Surfaces and Selection of Phages Specific for Campylobacter jejuni

Center for Disease Prevention and Control: Travelers’ Health

Creating a Germ-Free Future by Vaccinating Kids and Pets

Similar to humans, our little furry pets also carry a variety of germs that can cause us to get sick. Like our children, our pets closely interact with their environments, rolling around in the grass and dirt, and getting into all sorts of trouble. This results in our pets carrying some types of bacteria and viruses that can cause people to get sick. Young kids are more likely to catch infections from pets because they try to kiss them, take their food, and put their fingers in their mouths that may be contaminated.

One of the most common viruses shared between humans and pets is gastroenteritis, also known as a stomach bug. Symptoms dealing with this infection include lethargy, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea (potentially with blood), and weight loss due to fluid depletion. While not exclusive to all illnesses, gastroenteritis might be transmitted between dogs and humans through stool or even saliva. In the case of cats and salmonella, transmission can happen through litter boxes and as they freely move around the household.

Children and pets are both highly active and don’t understand the potential dangers surrounding them, which can make them vulnerable to infections and diseases. Children and pets love to explore their surroundings and touch what they can, which exposes them daily to a series of viruses. For parents, it’s important to create an environment that prevents infections from spreading.

To ensure the health and safety of infants and young children, it is important to have constant supervision whenever a child is in the presence of animals. Children shouldn’t kiss animals or put their hands, or any objects, into their mouths after their interaction. Whenever a child is finished playing with their pet, ensure you take them to wash their hands with soap and water. For pregnant women, it’s important to wash your hands before breastfeeding or preparing formula, and to keep children away from animals during their feeding times to avoid the risk of bites or injuries.

While most families own a cat or dog, some people also acquire other species as pets that can carry harmful germs. It’s recommended that children under 5 years old avoid contact with:

● Reptiles (lizards, snakes, and turtles)

● Amphibians (frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders)

● Backyard poultry, including baby chicks or ducklings

● Rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, and guinea pigs)

Also, you are advised to be extra cautious when you take your child under 5 to a farm or petting zoo.

Vaccinations can be used as a protective shield against a range of infectious diseases, helping to safeguard the health of children and pets. Immunizations stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight back against specific pathogens. This prepares the body to take defensive action if a child ends up putting a dog’s toy in their mouth or they forget to wash their hands before touching their face. In the case of pets, vaccinations help contracting illnesses like rabies, parvovirus, distemper, and feline leukemia.

While we normally vaccinate ourselves to fight against diseases, it’s also important to get our pets immunized. By protecting our animals, we can create a safer environment for human-animal interactions.

Ensuring your children and pets are up to date on their vaccinations will help prevent germs from crossing over and ensure pregnant women, newborns, children under 5, and those with weak immune systems have a higher chance of fighting against illness. Beyond individual protection, vaccines contribute to creating the well-being of a community and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. By following the guidelines above, we can create a safer and healthier environment for both children and pets.

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Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Healthy Pets, Healthy People

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: How to Stay Healthy Around Pets and Other Animals

Medline Plus: Gastroenteritis

How Parents Can Navigate Tennessee’s Rise in Influenza Cases

In recent weeks, Tennessee has experienced an uptick in influenza cases, prompting concerns among health officials and communities.

Tennessee is among a handful of states seeing high respiratory illnesses.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Weekly Flu Report, 4% of people went to a doctor or nurse to get treated for flu-like symptoms the week of November 19th to the 25th, up from 3.6% the week prior, with Memphis/Shelby County Metro being hit the hardest.

This recent surge in influenza cases has sparked discussions about the importance of preventive measures, such as vaccination, especially for children more susceptible to the illness.

Influenza, better known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. When you become infected, the symptoms you experience can range from mild to severe, including fever, cough, sore throat, aches, and fatigue. The flu can also lead to serious complications, especially for those who are most at risk, such as the elderly, young children, and those who have underlying health conditions.

Predicting the intensity of the flu season is challenging, so it’s hard to say how intense and severe it will be. However, getting a flu vaccination is crucial for preventing the spread of severe respiratory illness.

Vaccination remains the most effective way to protect yourself and your loved ones around you. Vaccination before or during the flu season can help combat prevalent strains and protect individuals and the community. It is also essential for parents to be aware of where and when their child can receive a flu vaccine.

Infection rates in children are the highest, making up 20 to 30 percent of cases annually. Pregnant women and infants under six months of age are at an increased risk of developing complications from the flu. Parents should encourage those around them, such as older siblings and other family members who may be around the baby, to get vaccinated to ensure a protective barrier.

Kids eight years and younger may need two vaccine doses to be fully protected. This is because their immune systems need to be fully developed, and these children are exposed to large settings such as schools where viruses can easily be transmitted. Along with receiving a vaccine, practicing good hygiene is essential. Regular handwashing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer helps prevent the spread of flu viruses. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.

If you are looking to get your child vaccinated, you can contact their pediatrician or other healthcare professional to request the flu vaccine for your children. Local hospitals, health clinics, retail stores, and pharmacies offer vaccines. Some schools may hold vaccination clinics.

Visit the Health Hero Tennessee website, which lists available clinics.

While it is important to get a flu vaccine in the fall before the virus starts spreading, it’s never too late to build protection. Even if it is the peak of flu season, getting vaccinated can provide valuable immunity and help mitigate the illness’s severity until the season’s end in February.

As Tennessee faces this rise in influenza cases, the need for vaccinations and good hygiene practices is important. By taking these steps, individuals can play a crucial role in curbing the spread of the flu and protecting their and their communities’ well-being.

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Sources:

CDC: Weekly Flu Report

CDC: Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2023–24 Influenza Season

National Foundations for Infectious Disease: Flu and Children

Giving the Gift of Health This Holiday Season

Tis the season filled with joy, warmth, and the spirit of giving. It’s also the perfect time to give a gift beyond the traditional wrapped present. This holiday, you can significantly impact your friends and family by giving the gift of vaccination. So, let’s unwrap the joy, the hope, and the collective triumph that vaccination has brought to our lives.

Vaccinations are among the most effective public health interventions, especially during the holidays when more flu cases appear. Tennessee is currently seeing flu cases rise as we approach the holidays, with the Center for Disease Control’s latest numbers showing that 4% of people went to a doctor or nurse to get treated for flu-like symptoms the week of November 12th to the 18th. That’s up from 3.6% the week prior.

Getting vaccinated has a profound significance on our family and friends, creating a safe and healthy environment around us. By choosing to get immunized, you build immunity against infectious diseases, foster community health, and, ultimately, save lives.

The Impact of Vaccination on Celebrations

The holidays are spent with family and friends from all over to celebrate. Unfortunately, because it’s a month filled with travel, the risk of getting sick increases. Feeling ill during the holidays can cast a shadow on the joyous occasion and put a damper on many of the activities you had planned. But if you’re prepared, you can eliminate the need to worry about infectious diseases such as the flu or COVID-19 through vaccination, ensuring you and everyone can enjoy the festivities without the constant worry of illness.

Ensuring you’re protected also contributes to the broader consent of herd immunity, building a stronger barrier for your family and your community. If a higher percentage of the population is vaccinated, we can limit the spread of diseases and help keep those who cannot receive vaccines due to age or medical reasons.

The holiday season is just around the corner, and there’s no better gift you can give yourself and your loved ones than the gift of good health.

Practical Steps to Gift Vaccination

Researching local clinics or healthcare facilities that offer vaccine services is a thoughtful gift for those around you. Make sure there is a convenient location with flexible schedules. Consider vaccination a thoughtful gift by researching local clinics or healthcare facilities, and make sure you understand the eligibility criteria and requirements for the vaccine you want.

Your little helpers around the house might be hesitant about receiving a vaccine. You can alleviate this pressure by sharing valuable information and letting them know they are helping to contribute to a culture of health. This demonstrates care to them and teaches them the importance of informed decision-making and responsible healthcare practices.

It’s Never Too Late for Vaccination

We may be in December, but that doesn’t mean you missed your immunization window. The CDC recommends vaccinating anyone six months and older to ensure they’re not at risk of severe illness or hospitalization. You can also plan and get a flu shot and COVID-19 vaccine or booster simultaneously. It’s important to note that the flu vaccine is continually updated to deal with the virus strain, reducing the risk by 40% to 60%.

Other Way to Stay Healthy

In addition to being updated on vaccines, don’t forget, there are other ways to stay healthy and spread the gift of health this season.

Practice good hygiene by regularly washing your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your sleeve, and wash your hands afterward. Keep surfaces clean by regularly sanitizing and disinfecting them. If you feel unwell and experience symptoms related to the flu, stay at home.

The Most Precious Present Around the Holidays is the Time Shared With Loved Ones

This holiday season, let’s move beyond traditional gifts and prioritize the health and well-being of our loved ones and communities. Giving the gift of vaccination is a considerate way to help ensure everyone can participate in all the festive activities you have planned this time of year. Immunization safeguards individuals and creates a barrier against the transmission of infectious diseases, ensuring a more secure, joyous, and healthy season for all.

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Sources

CDC weekly flu data

CDC: Vaccine Effectiveness: How Well Do Flu Vaccines Work?

National Library of Medicine: Vaccines for the common cold

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