As 2025 begins, several infectious diseases, both familiar and emerging, could challenge families. Declining vaccination rates are creating conditions that result in the reemergence of certain diseases.
While a new year brings challenges, families can take steps to protect themselves from infectious diseases. The best place to start is by understanding the current environment, the risks, and how to address them effectively.
1. Bird Flu (Avian Influenza)
Bird flu has become a growing threat in the U.S. after human cases were found in 2024. Currently, there are 66 confirmed human cases. While the risk of human-to-human transmission remains low, experts warn that the virus poses a risk of mutating further.
Best Vaccine: Current avian influenza vaccines have only been developed for poultry, but clinical trials for human vaccines are ongoing. A stockpiled H5N1 vaccine may be deployed if a significant human outbreak occurs.
2. Measles
Once nearly eradicated in the U.S., measles is making a concerning comeback due to declining vaccination rates. In 2024, the CDC reported the highest annual case total in five years, with outbreaks linked to unvaccinated populations. Measles is highly contagious and can lead to severe complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis.
Best Vaccine: The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine remains the gold standard, with 97% efficacy with two doses. Parents should ensure their children are up to date on their immunizations to avoid any complications.
3. Polio
Polio, a disease that has been largely eradicated in most of the world, has become a threat once again due to low vaccination coverage in some areas. Polio outbreaks in countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan show how easily it can spread and its impact. In the U.S., vaccine hesitancy could create conditions for its resurgence, particularly among unvaccinated children.
Best Vaccine: The Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is highly effective at preventing polio and is part of the routine childhood immunization schedule in the U.S.
4. COVID-19 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
COVID-19 and RSV remain ongoing public health concerns. New variants of COVID-19 continue to emerge, requiring updated vaccines and boosters. RSV, which surged during the 2024 winter season, remains a risk, particularly for infants and older adults.
Best Vaccines:
● COVID-19: Updated mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna targeting current variants.
● RSV: Recently approved RSV vaccines, including those by Pfizer and GSK, are recommended for older adults and pregnant women to protect newborns.
Addressing the Challenge
Some of the infectious diseases highlighted above are a concern only due to declining vaccination rates, coupled with vaccine misinformation, which exacerbates the risk of outbreaks. Parents can protect their children by educating themselves on how vaccines are developed and the rigorous steps taken to ensure they are safe for human use.
In 2025, parents remain central to protecting their children amidst the dual threats of falling vaccination rates and widespread misinformation. Staying informed and proactive is essential to ensure children’s health and safety. By understanding the importance of vaccines, parents can take steps to safeguard their families.
One of the most effective ways for parents to stay informed is by talking to their child’s pediatrician. Medical professionals offer evidence-based guidance, addressing concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy while debunking myths or misconceptions. Open conversations with a trusted doctor can help parents make confident, well-informed decisions about their child’s health.
Amidst the activity and excitement of 2025, protecting yourself and your family from infectious diseases is essential to achieve your plans and goals for the year.
Sources:
CDC: H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation
CDC: About Polio in the United States
