We are in the midst of the respiratory virus season, and health officials are already sounding the alarm about the number of whooping cough cases across the United States. New data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveals an explosion in cases, up fivefold compared to last year. As of October 12, 2024, have been 18,506 cases reported nationwide, a significant jump from the 3,382 cases reported by this time last year. Like many other states, Tennessee is seeing its share of cases rise, with some reports indicating that the state currently has around 200 cases compared to around 60 last year. This rise in cases concerns children, as the infection can spread quickly from one to many. That’s why it’s important to understand this infection and how to prevent it.
What is Whooping Cough?
Whooping cough, known medically as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that starts with symptoms similar to a mild cold, such as a runny nose, low-grade fever, and mild cough. The bacteria release toxins, which damage the cilia and cause airways to swell. Once contracted, symptoms may worsen after a week or two, often leading to intense, uncontrollable coughing fits. These fits can be so forceful that they may lead to vomiting or even fractured ribs, making breathing difficult and often resulting in the distinct “whooping” sound that follows each coughing spasm.
How it spreads
Whooping cough spreads through respiratory droplets. Tiny droplets containing the bacteria become airborne when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks. If people breathe in these droplets, they can become infected. It’s especially contagious in the early stages, often before severe symptoms develop, making it easy for the infection to spread unnoticed.
Why is Whooping Cough So Dangerous?
For adults, a whooping cough infection is usually less serious. While it can be unpleasant and frustrating, it typically doesn’t result in significant health risks. However, infants under one year old are at the highest risk of complications if they catch this infection. Their immune systems are not fully developed, and if they haven’t received all recommended vaccines, they’re more likely to develop serious complications like pneumonia or encephalopathy (a brain disorder). Some infants don’t develop the typical cough and instead experience severe breathing difficulties, which is why early diagnosis is essential for their health.
Why Are Cases Rising?
Over the past few years, we’ve seen fewer cases of pertussis, or whooping cough, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to limit transmission. Currently, the U.S. is beginning to see a return to pre-pandemic patterns, with typically over 10,000 cases reported each year. Because this infection spreads through airborne bacteria, crowded places such as schools, daycare centers, and hospitals can be hotspots for transmission.
The infection is known to spread without symptoms, especially in adults and adolescents, who may unknowingly infect younger, more vulnerable family members. Older siblings, parents, and caregivers are often a source of infection for children who have not yet been fully vaccinated.
How to Protect Your Family
Vaccination is the best way to prevent this infection from spreading to you and your children. The CDC recommends that:
● Infants and children receive the DTaP vaccine, which covers diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, in doses beginning at two months.
● Adolescents and adults get the Tdap booster, particularly if they are around young children or work in environments where the infection can spread easily.
If you have any questions about the vaccine, it is best to set up an appointment with your healthcare provider so they can provide you with the most up-to-date information.
Key Takeaways for Tennesseans
Tennessee, like many other states, is experiencing this significant rise. If this infection spreads even further, it can result in school closures and strain the state’s healthcare system. All families need to take proactive steps to ensure vaccinations are current and they recognize the symptoms of this infection. If someone in your household develops a runny nose, cough, or fever, consult a healthcare provider to determine whether testing or treatment is needed.
Tennessee is just beginning its respiratory virus season, making now the best time to promote awareness and prevention. Stay informed, keep your vaccinations up-to-date, and help prevent whooping cough from impacting Tennessee’s communities more.
Sources:
CDC: Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
